Triple
T3011621
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Pigouvian taxes |
E82233
|
entity |
| Predicate | relatedConcept |
P37
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Pigouvian subsidy
A Pigouvian subsidy is a government payment designed to encourage activities that generate positive externalities, aligning private incentives with social benefits.
|
E317628
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Pigouvian subsidy | Statement: [Pigouvian taxes, relatedConcept, Pigouvian subsidy]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Pigouvian subsidy Context triple: [Pigouvian taxes, relatedConcept, Pigouvian subsidy]
-
A.
Pigouvian taxes
Pigouvian taxes are corrective taxes designed to address negative externalities by aligning private costs with social costs, thereby improving overall economic efficiency.
-
B.
Hicks–Kaldor compensation criterion
The Hicks–Kaldor compensation criterion is an economic efficiency test stating that a policy change is desirable if those who gain could in principle compensate those who lose and still be better off, regardless of whether compensation actually occurs.
-
C.
Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Code
The Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Code was a multilateral trade agreement under the GATT that set rules for the use of government subsidies and the application of countervailing duties to offset them.
-
D.
Laffer curve
The Laffer curve is an economic theory that illustrates the relationship between tax rates and government revenue, suggesting that beyond a certain point higher tax rates reduce total revenue by discouraging work and investment.
-
E.
Coase theorem
The Coase theorem is an economic theory stating that if property rights are well-defined and transaction costs are negligible, private bargaining will lead to an efficient allocation of resources regardless of the initial assignment of rights.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Pigouvian subsidy Triple: [Pigouvian taxes, relatedConcept, Pigouvian subsidy]
Generated description
A Pigouvian subsidy is a government payment designed to encourage activities that generate positive externalities, aligning private incentives with social benefits.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Pigouvian subsidy Target entity description: A Pigouvian subsidy is a government payment designed to encourage activities that generate positive externalities, aligning private incentives with social benefits.
-
A.
Pigouvian taxes
Pigouvian taxes are corrective taxes designed to address negative externalities by aligning private costs with social costs, thereby improving overall economic efficiency.
-
B.
Hicks–Kaldor compensation criterion
The Hicks–Kaldor compensation criterion is an economic efficiency test stating that a policy change is desirable if those who gain could in principle compensate those who lose and still be better off, regardless of whether compensation actually occurs.
-
C.
Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Code
The Subsidies and Countervailing Measures Code was a multilateral trade agreement under the GATT that set rules for the use of government subsidies and the application of countervailing duties to offset them.
-
D.
Laffer curve
The Laffer curve is an economic theory that illustrates the relationship between tax rates and government revenue, suggesting that beyond a certain point higher tax rates reduce total revenue by discouraging work and investment.
-
E.
Coase theorem
The Coase theorem is an economic theory stating that if property rights are well-defined and transaction costs are negligible, private bargaining will lead to an efficient allocation of resources regardless of the initial assignment of rights.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ad8b1eb53481908c39bbcd1ec104b2 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 2:43 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69ad9a4e2c8c8190a8fed3604780826b |
completed | March 8, 2026, 3:48 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69b12e6410e481909753bef34e053363 |
completed | March 11, 2026, 8:57 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69b12f324fdc8190a279a773ef32ed01 |
completed | March 11, 2026, 9 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69b1c641f3308190912252e5d5e4f843 |
completed | March 11, 2026, 7:45 p.m. |
Created at: March 8, 2026, 3 p.m.