Triple

T292615
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter E6026 entity
Predicate subject P450 FINISHED
Object quantum electrodynamics
Quantum electrodynamics is the quantum field theory that describes how light and matter interact through the exchange of photons, forming the foundation of our understanding of electromagnetic forces at the subatomic level.
E37418 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: quantum electrodynamics | Statement: [QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, subject, quantum electrodynamics]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: quantum electrodynamics
Context triple: [QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, subject, quantum electrodynamics]
  • A. Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED
    Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED is a landmark theoretical result that rigorously demonstrated the mathematical consistency and mutual compatibility of different approaches to quantum electrodynamics.
  • B. Feynman diagrams
    Feynman diagrams are graphical representations used in quantum field theory to visualize and calculate particle interactions and processes.
  • C. Dirac equation
    The Dirac equation is a fundamental relativistic wave equation in quantum mechanics that describes spin-½ particles such as electrons and predicts phenomena like antimatter.
  • D. Euclidean quantum field theory
    Euclidean quantum field theory is a formulation of quantum field theory in imaginary (Euclidean) time that enables rigorous mathematical treatment and path-integral representations closely connected to statistical mechanics.
  • E. Feynman path integral
    The Feynman path integral is a formulation of quantum mechanics in which a particle’s behavior is described as a sum over all possible paths it can take, each weighted by a phase factor derived from the classical action.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: quantum electrodynamics
Triple: [QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, subject, quantum electrodynamics]
Generated description
Quantum electrodynamics is the quantum field theory that describes how light and matter interact through the exchange of photons, forming the foundation of our understanding of electromagnetic forces at the subatomic level.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: quantum electrodynamics
Target entity description: Quantum electrodynamics is the quantum field theory that describes how light and matter interact through the exchange of photons, forming the foundation of our understanding of electromagnetic forces at the subatomic level.
  • A. Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED
    Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED is a landmark theoretical result that rigorously demonstrated the mathematical consistency and mutual compatibility of different approaches to quantum electrodynamics.
  • B. Feynman diagrams
    Feynman diagrams are graphical representations used in quantum field theory to visualize and calculate particle interactions and processes.
  • C. Dirac equation
    The Dirac equation is a fundamental relativistic wave equation in quantum mechanics that describes spin-½ particles such as electrons and predicts phenomena like antimatter.
  • D. Euclidean quantum field theory
    Euclidean quantum field theory is a formulation of quantum field theory in imaginary (Euclidean) time that enables rigorous mathematical treatment and path-integral representations closely connected to statistical mechanics.
  • E. Feynman path integral
    The Feynman path integral is a formulation of quantum mechanics in which a particle’s behavior is described as a sum over all possible paths it can take, each weighted by a phase factor derived from the classical action.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a2e79114b081909490b3bf5a5dbb51 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:03 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a2e976f32081908042485c4530e1e2 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:11 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a3a33d3f6c8190bb97e903e6e7283f completed March 1, 2026, 2:23 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a3a3b5a04c819088438f6ff4774fd2 completed March 1, 2026, 2:25 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a3a416d6048190912228f971959734 completed March 1, 2026, 2:27 a.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:06 p.m.