Triple
T292615
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter |
E6026
|
entity |
| Predicate | subject |
P450
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
quantum electrodynamics
Quantum electrodynamics is the quantum field theory that describes how light and matter interact through the exchange of photons, forming the foundation of our understanding of electromagnetic forces at the subatomic level.
|
E37418
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: quantum electrodynamics | Statement: [QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, subject, quantum electrodynamics]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: quantum electrodynamics Context triple: [QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, subject, quantum electrodynamics]
-
A.
Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED
Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED is a landmark theoretical result that rigorously demonstrated the mathematical consistency and mutual compatibility of different approaches to quantum electrodynamics.
-
B.
Feynman diagrams
Feynman diagrams are graphical representations used in quantum field theory to visualize and calculate particle interactions and processes.
-
C.
Dirac equation
The Dirac equation is a fundamental relativistic wave equation in quantum mechanics that describes spin-½ particles such as electrons and predicts phenomena like antimatter.
-
D.
Euclidean quantum field theory
Euclidean quantum field theory is a formulation of quantum field theory in imaginary (Euclidean) time that enables rigorous mathematical treatment and path-integral representations closely connected to statistical mechanics.
-
E.
Feynman path integral
The Feynman path integral is a formulation of quantum mechanics in which a particle’s behavior is described as a sum over all possible paths it can take, each weighted by a phase factor derived from the classical action.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: quantum electrodynamics Triple: [QED: The Strange Theory of Light and Matter, subject, quantum electrodynamics]
Generated description
Quantum electrodynamics is the quantum field theory that describes how light and matter interact through the exchange of photons, forming the foundation of our understanding of electromagnetic forces at the subatomic level.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: quantum electrodynamics Target entity description: Quantum electrodynamics is the quantum field theory that describes how light and matter interact through the exchange of photons, forming the foundation of our understanding of electromagnetic forces at the subatomic level.
-
A.
Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED
Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED is a landmark theoretical result that rigorously demonstrated the mathematical consistency and mutual compatibility of different approaches to quantum electrodynamics.
-
B.
Feynman diagrams
Feynman diagrams are graphical representations used in quantum field theory to visualize and calculate particle interactions and processes.
-
C.
Dirac equation
The Dirac equation is a fundamental relativistic wave equation in quantum mechanics that describes spin-½ particles such as electrons and predicts phenomena like antimatter.
-
D.
Euclidean quantum field theory
Euclidean quantum field theory is a formulation of quantum field theory in imaginary (Euclidean) time that enables rigorous mathematical treatment and path-integral representations closely connected to statistical mechanics.
-
E.
Feynman path integral
The Feynman path integral is a formulation of quantum mechanics in which a particle’s behavior is described as a sum over all possible paths it can take, each weighted by a phase factor derived from the classical action.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a2e79114b081909490b3bf5a5dbb51 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:03 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a2e976f32081908042485c4530e1e2 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 1:11 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a3a33d3f6c8190bb97e903e6e7283f |
completed | March 1, 2026, 2:23 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a3a3b5a04c819088438f6ff4774fd2 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 2:25 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a3a416d6048190912228f971959734 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 2:27 a.m. |
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:06 p.m.