Triple

T292574
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Bardeen E6025 entity
Predicate notableBearer P458 FINISHED
Object James M. Bardeen
James M. Bardeen is an American theoretical physicist known for his influential work in general relativity and black hole physics, including contributions to the understanding of Hawking radiation and cosmological perturbation theory.
 E45956 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: James M. Bardeen | Statement: [Bardeen, notableBearer, James M. Bardeen]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: James M. Bardeen
Context triple: [Bardeen, notableBearer, James M. Bardeen]
  • A. Gerald Guralnik
    Gerald Guralnik was an American theoretical physicist best known as one of the co-discoverers of the Higgs mechanism that explains how particles acquire mass.
  • B. Robert B. Leighton
    Robert B. Leighton was an American experimental physicist and educator known for his contributions to cosmic-ray and infrared astronomy and for coauthoring the influential Feynman Lectures on Physics.
  • C. Stanley Corrsin
    Stanley Corrsin was a prominent American fluid dynamicist renowned for his pioneering contributions to the study of turbulence and mixing in fluid flows.
  • D. Paul G. Hoffman
    Paul G. Hoffman was an American automobile executive and public administrator best known for leading post–World War II European recovery efforts and later serving in prominent roles at the United Nations.
  • E. David L. Goodstein
    David L. Goodstein is an American physicist and educator known for his work in condensed matter physics, science education, and authorship of popular science books.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: James M. Bardeen
Triple: [Bardeen, notableBearer, James M. Bardeen]
Generated description
James M. Bardeen is an American theoretical physicist known for his influential work in general relativity and black hole physics, including contributions to the understanding of Hawking radiation and cosmological perturbation theory.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: James M. Bardeen
Target entity description: James M. Bardeen is an American theoretical physicist known for his influential work in general relativity and black hole physics, including contributions to the understanding of Hawking radiation and cosmological perturbation theory.
  • A. Gerald Guralnik
    Gerald Guralnik was an American theoretical physicist best known as one of the co-discoverers of the Higgs mechanism that explains how particles acquire mass.
  • B. Robert B. Leighton
    Robert B. Leighton was an American experimental physicist and educator known for his contributions to cosmic-ray and infrared astronomy and for coauthoring the influential Feynman Lectures on Physics.
  • C. Stanley Corrsin
    Stanley Corrsin was a prominent American fluid dynamicist renowned for his pioneering contributions to the study of turbulence and mixing in fluid flows.
  • D. Paul G. Hoffman
    Paul G. Hoffman was an American automobile executive and public administrator best known for leading post–World War II European recovery efforts and later serving in prominent roles at the United Nations.
  • E. David L. Goodstein
    David L. Goodstein is an American physicist and educator known for his work in condensed matter physics, science education, and authorship of popular science books.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a2e79114b081909490b3bf5a5dbb51 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:03 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a2e976f32081908042485c4530e1e2 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:11 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a3e85e0fd88190af472eb2563da5a6 completed March 1, 2026, 7:18 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a3e8f7256c819088422d10ef54b20d completed March 1, 2026, 7:21 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a3e949ff848190ae55965c08e9c1c5 completed March 1, 2026, 7:22 a.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:06 p.m.