Triple

T289545
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Charles Darwin's later scientific works E5958 entity
Predicate includesWork P2011 FINISHED
Object The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom
"The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom" is a scientific book by Charles Darwin that experimentally investigates how cross-fertilisation and self-fertilisation influence the vigor, fertility, and evolution of plants.
E38511 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom | Statement: [Charles Darwin's later scientific works, includesWork, The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom
Context triple: [Charles Darwin's later scientific works, includesWork, The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom]
  • A. On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects
    On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects is a scientific work by Charles Darwin that details how orchid structures and insect behavior coevolved to achieve effective pollination, providing key evidence for his theory of natural selection.
  • B. The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication
    The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication is Charles Darwin’s extensive two-volume scientific work analyzing heredity, artificial selection, and variation in domesticated species to support and elaborate his theory of evolution.
  • C. Genetics and the Origin of Species
    Genetics and the Origin of Species is a 1937 book by Theodosius Dobzhansky that helped found the modern evolutionary synthesis by integrating Mendelian genetics with Darwinian natural selection.
  • D. Darwin’s experimental garden
    Darwin’s experimental garden is the outdoor research space at Down House where Charles Darwin conducted many of his key botanical and evolutionary experiments.
  • E. Variation and Evolution in Plants
    Variation and Evolution in Plants is a foundational botanical work by G. Ledyard Stebbins that integrated genetics, evolution, and plant biology, helping to solidify the modern evolutionary synthesis.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom
Triple: [Charles Darwin's later scientific works, includesWork, The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom]
Generated description
"The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom" is a scientific book by Charles Darwin that experimentally investigates how cross-fertilisation and self-fertilisation influence the vigor, fertility, and evolution of plants.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom
Target entity description: "The Effects of Cross and Self Fertilisation in the Vegetable Kingdom" is a scientific book by Charles Darwin that experimentally investigates how cross-fertilisation and self-fertilisation influence the vigor, fertility, and evolution of plants.
  • A. On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects
    On the Various Contrivances by which British and Foreign Orchids are Fertilised by Insects is a scientific work by Charles Darwin that details how orchid structures and insect behavior coevolved to achieve effective pollination, providing key evidence for his theory of natural selection.
  • B. The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication
    The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication is Charles Darwin’s extensive two-volume scientific work analyzing heredity, artificial selection, and variation in domesticated species to support and elaborate his theory of evolution.
  • C. Genetics and the Origin of Species
    Genetics and the Origin of Species is a 1937 book by Theodosius Dobzhansky that helped found the modern evolutionary synthesis by integrating Mendelian genetics with Darwinian natural selection.
  • D. Darwin’s experimental garden
    Darwin’s experimental garden is the outdoor research space at Down House where Charles Darwin conducted many of his key botanical and evolutionary experiments.
  • E. Variation and Evolution in Plants
    Variation and Evolution in Plants is a foundational botanical work by G. Ledyard Stebbins that integrated genetics, evolution, and plant biology, helping to solidify the modern evolutionary synthesis.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a25946a7ac8190a78871c210213272 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 2:56 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a260d21e5881909f3baba8b8dfff92 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 3:28 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a3a885fd4c8190a2293f73ba9c8a46 completed March 1, 2026, 2:46 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a3a963adbc8190b6729f425f75c713 completed March 1, 2026, 2:50 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a3a9d03f808190be3802f6f5249eea completed March 1, 2026, 2:52 a.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 3:02 a.m.