Triple

T2763426
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Second Bulgarian Empire E61275 entity
Predicate notableRuler P22 FINISHED
Object Kaloyan of Bulgaria
Kaloyan of Bulgaria was a powerful tsar of the Second Bulgarian Empire (r. 1197–1207) known for defeating the Crusaders at the Battle of Adrianople and expanding Bulgarian influence in the Balkans.
E301795 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kaloyan of Bulgaria | Statement: [Second Bulgarian Empire, notableRuler, Kaloyan of Bulgaria]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kaloyan of Bulgaria
Context triple: [Second Bulgarian Empire, notableRuler, Kaloyan of Bulgaria]
  • A. Khan Krum
    Khan Krum was a powerful early 9th-century Bulgarian ruler known for expanding the First Bulgarian Empire and defeating the Byzantine Empire in major battles.
  • B. Ivan Asen I
    Ivan Asen I was a medieval Bulgarian tsar who, together with his brother Peter IV, led the successful uprising against Byzantine rule and helped establish the Second Bulgarian Empire in the late 12th century.
  • C. Boris I of Bulgaria
    Boris I of Bulgaria was the 9th-century Bulgarian monarch best known for converting his realm to Christianity and laying the foundations of Slavic literacy and culture.
  • D. Simeon I of Bulgaria
    Simeon I of Bulgaria was a powerful medieval Bulgarian tsar whose reign (893–927) marked the political and cultural zenith of the First Bulgarian Empire and earned him the epithet "the Great."
  • E. Samuel of Bulgaria
    Samuel of Bulgaria was a medieval Tsar who led the First Bulgarian Empire at its height around the turn of the 11th century, fiercely resisting Byzantine expansion until its eventual conquest.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kaloyan of Bulgaria
Triple: [Second Bulgarian Empire, notableRuler, Kaloyan of Bulgaria]
Generated description
Kaloyan of Bulgaria was a powerful tsar of the Second Bulgarian Empire (r. 1197–1207) known for defeating the Crusaders at the Battle of Adrianople and expanding Bulgarian influence in the Balkans.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kaloyan of Bulgaria
Target entity description: Kaloyan of Bulgaria was a powerful tsar of the Second Bulgarian Empire (r. 1197–1207) known for defeating the Crusaders at the Battle of Adrianople and expanding Bulgarian influence in the Balkans.
  • A. Khan Krum
    Khan Krum was a powerful early 9th-century Bulgarian ruler known for expanding the First Bulgarian Empire and defeating the Byzantine Empire in major battles.
  • B. Ivan Asen I
    Ivan Asen I was a medieval Bulgarian tsar who, together with his brother Peter IV, led the successful uprising against Byzantine rule and helped establish the Second Bulgarian Empire in the late 12th century.
  • C. Boris I of Bulgaria
    Boris I of Bulgaria was the 9th-century Bulgarian monarch best known for converting his realm to Christianity and laying the foundations of Slavic literacy and culture.
  • D. Simeon I of Bulgaria
    Simeon I of Bulgaria was a powerful medieval Bulgarian tsar whose reign (893–927) marked the political and cultural zenith of the First Bulgarian Empire and earned him the epithet "the Great."
  • E. Samuel of Bulgaria
    Samuel of Bulgaria was a medieval Tsar who led the First Bulgarian Empire at its height around the turn of the 11th century, fiercely resisting Byzantine expansion until its eventual conquest.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ab4b7bab6c8190a5c2efef19a8ef34 completed March 6, 2026, 9:47 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abdd5291d88190a7347af947a2a564 completed March 7, 2026, 8:09 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69afce89a144819096f9230c8d95ce3f completed March 10, 2026, 7:55 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69afcf7cc6f08190aefbe07ef51f1928 completed March 10, 2026, 7:59 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69afcfd803848190921f73fe1b15a01b completed March 10, 2026, 8:01 a.m.
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:57 p.m.