Triple

T2706422
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Stephan's Quintet E59351 entity
Predicate discoveredBy P412 FINISHED
Object Édouard Stephan
Édouard Stephan was a 19th-century French astronomer noted for his pioneering observations of galaxies and nebulae, including the first identification of Stephan's Quintet.
E290086 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Édouard Stephan | Statement: [Stephan's Quintet, discoveredBy, Édouard Stephan]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Édouard Stephan
Context triple: [Stephan's Quintet, discoveredBy, Édouard Stephan]
  • A. Ernest Vessiot
    Ernest Vessiot was a French mathematician known for his contributions to differential equations and differential Galois theory, and for his influential role in French mathematical education.
  • B. Ejnar Hertzsprung
    Ejnar Hertzsprung was a Danish astronomer best known for co-developing the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, a fundamental tool in stellar astrophysics.
  • C. Anton von Zach
    Anton von Zach was an Austrian general and staff officer best known for his role in the Napoleonic Wars, particularly during the Italian campaigns.
  • D. Émile Bénard
    Émile Bénard was a French architect and painter of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, known for his Beaux-Arts style and major public commissions in France and abroad.
  • E. Charles Messier
    Charles Messier was an 18th-century French astronomer best known for compiling the Messier catalog of nebulae and star clusters to help comet hunters avoid confusing them with comets.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Édouard Stephan
Triple: [Stephan's Quintet, discoveredBy, Édouard Stephan]
Generated description
Édouard Stephan was a 19th-century French astronomer noted for his pioneering observations of galaxies and nebulae, including the first identification of Stephan's Quintet.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Édouard Stephan
Target entity description: Édouard Stephan was a 19th-century French astronomer noted for his pioneering observations of galaxies and nebulae, including the first identification of Stephan's Quintet.
  • A. Ernest Vessiot
    Ernest Vessiot was a French mathematician known for his contributions to differential equations and differential Galois theory, and for his influential role in French mathematical education.
  • B. Ejnar Hertzsprung
    Ejnar Hertzsprung was a Danish astronomer best known for co-developing the Hertzsprung–Russell diagram, a fundamental tool in stellar astrophysics.
  • C. Anton von Zach
    Anton von Zach was an Austrian general and staff officer best known for his role in the Napoleonic Wars, particularly during the Italian campaigns.
  • D. Émile Bénard
    Émile Bénard was a French architect and painter of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, known for his Beaux-Arts style and major public commissions in France and abroad.
  • E. Charles Messier
    Charles Messier was an 18th-century French astronomer best known for compiling the Messier catalog of nebulae and star clusters to help comet hunters avoid confusing them with comets.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ab4ac66bc88190b9e4afa5fc843f72 completed March 6, 2026, 9:44 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abda725f24819090e8d936b3d2d5bc completed March 7, 2026, 7:57 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69afaf7c22a4819096ff9effe9e0d77d completed March 10, 2026, 5:43 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69afb039cdcc8190953368c1f6757503 completed March 10, 2026, 5:46 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69afb0c27ee48190a319fd2fab02f755 completed March 10, 2026, 5:48 a.m.
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:55 p.m.