Triple

T2652729
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Origination Clause E53936 entity
Predicate hasBeenLitigatedIn P3010 FINISHED
Object Rainey v. United States
Rainey v. United States is a U.S. Supreme Court case that addressed the scope of Congress’s power to impose taxes under the Constitution’s Origination Clause.
E285907 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Rainey v. United States | Statement: [Origination Clause, hasBeenLitigatedIn, Rainey v. United States]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rainey v. United States
Context triple: [Origination Clause, hasBeenLitigatedIn, Rainey v. United States]
  • A. Reynolds v. United States
    Reynolds v. United States is an 1879 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the distinction between protected religious belief and regulable religiously motivated conduct, holding that the Free Exercise Clause does not excuse individuals from compliance with otherwise valid criminal laws such as those banning polygamy.
  • B. Yates v. United States
    Yates v. United States is a 1957 U.S. Supreme Court decision that significantly narrowed the application of the Smith Act by distinguishing between the advocacy of abstract doctrine and the advocacy of concrete action to overthrow the government.
  • C. Dennis v. United States
    Dennis v. United States is a landmark 1951 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the convictions of Communist Party leaders under the Smith Act, significantly shaping First Amendment jurisprudence on speech advocating the overthrow of the government.
  • D. Abrams v. United States
    Abrams v. United States was a 1919 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the conviction of antiwar activists under federal law and is best known for Justice Holmes’s famous dissent articulating the “marketplace of ideas” concept in free speech jurisprudence.
  • E. Printz v. United States
    Printz v. United States is a 1997 U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited federal power by holding that Congress cannot compel state or local officials to implement federal regulatory programs.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Rainey v. United States
Triple: [Origination Clause, hasBeenLitigatedIn, Rainey v. United States]
Generated description
Rainey v. United States is a U.S. Supreme Court case that addressed the scope of Congress’s power to impose taxes under the Constitution’s Origination Clause.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rainey v. United States
Target entity description: Rainey v. United States is a U.S. Supreme Court case that addressed the scope of Congress’s power to impose taxes under the Constitution’s Origination Clause.
  • A. Reynolds v. United States
    Reynolds v. United States is an 1879 U.S. Supreme Court case that established the distinction between protected religious belief and regulable religiously motivated conduct, holding that the Free Exercise Clause does not excuse individuals from compliance with otherwise valid criminal laws such as those banning polygamy.
  • B. Yates v. United States
    Yates v. United States is a 1957 U.S. Supreme Court decision that significantly narrowed the application of the Smith Act by distinguishing between the advocacy of abstract doctrine and the advocacy of concrete action to overthrow the government.
  • C. Dennis v. United States
    Dennis v. United States is a landmark 1951 U.S. Supreme Court decision that upheld the convictions of Communist Party leaders under the Smith Act, significantly shaping First Amendment jurisprudence on speech advocating the overthrow of the government.
  • D. Abrams v. United States
    Abrams v. United States was a 1919 U.S. Supreme Court case that upheld the conviction of antiwar activists under federal law and is best known for Justice Holmes’s famous dissent articulating the “marketplace of ideas” concept in free speech jurisprudence.
  • E. Printz v. United States
    Printz v. United States is a 1997 U.S. Supreme Court decision that limited federal power by holding that Congress cannot compel state or local officials to implement federal regulatory programs.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ab495e192081909c77b622e8e7e15a completed March 6, 2026, 9:38 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abdd1ca0248190aa15f80b2798524e completed March 7, 2026, 8:09 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69af98ce81fc8190b7c6c66acfcb87c7 completed March 10, 2026, 4:06 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69af99416924819099d4acb1a2d60e0c completed March 10, 2026, 4:08 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69af99adadb08190a44f2286b25bf0aa completed March 10, 2026, 4:10 a.m.
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:53 p.m.