Triple
T2648173
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Alain Connes |
E53831
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Connes embedding problem
The Connes embedding problem is a central open question in operator algebras and quantum theory that asks whether every separable II₁ factor can be approximated in a specific way by finite-dimensional matrix algebras.
|
E286302
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Connes embedding problem | Statement: [Alain Connes, knownFor, Connes embedding problem]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Connes embedding problem Context triple: [Alain Connes, knownFor, Connes embedding problem]
-
A.
Grothendieck inequality
The Grothendieck inequality is a fundamental result in functional analysis and theoretical computer science that bounds certain bilinear forms and has deep implications for Banach space theory, operator theory, and approximation algorithms.
-
B.
Gelfand–Naimark theorem
The Gelfand–Naimark theorem is a foundational result in functional analysis that characterizes C*-algebras as algebras of bounded operators on a Hilbert space (and, in the commutative case, as algebras of continuous functions on a locally compact Hausdorff space).
-
C.
Poincaré conjecture
The Poincaré conjecture is a landmark problem in topology that characterizes the three-dimensional sphere among three-dimensional manifolds and was famously solved by Grigori Perelman in the early 2000s.
-
D.
Yang–Mills existence and mass gap problem
The Yang–Mills existence and mass gap problem is a fundamental unsolved question in mathematical physics that asks for a rigorous proof that quantum Yang–Mills theory exists and exhibits a positive mass gap, and is one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems.
-
E.
Gelfand–Kirillov dimension
The Gelfand–Kirillov dimension is an invariant in noncommutative algebra that measures the growth rate of algebras and modules, serving as an analogue of Krull dimension for noncommutative settings.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Connes embedding problem Triple: [Alain Connes, knownFor, Connes embedding problem]
Generated description
The Connes embedding problem is a central open question in operator algebras and quantum theory that asks whether every separable II₁ factor can be approximated in a specific way by finite-dimensional matrix algebras.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Connes embedding problem Target entity description: The Connes embedding problem is a central open question in operator algebras and quantum theory that asks whether every separable II₁ factor can be approximated in a specific way by finite-dimensional matrix algebras.
-
A.
Grothendieck inequality
The Grothendieck inequality is a fundamental result in functional analysis and theoretical computer science that bounds certain bilinear forms and has deep implications for Banach space theory, operator theory, and approximation algorithms.
-
B.
Gelfand–Naimark theorem
The Gelfand–Naimark theorem is a foundational result in functional analysis that characterizes C*-algebras as algebras of bounded operators on a Hilbert space (and, in the commutative case, as algebras of continuous functions on a locally compact Hausdorff space).
-
C.
Poincaré conjecture
The Poincaré conjecture is a landmark problem in topology that characterizes the three-dimensional sphere among three-dimensional manifolds and was famously solved by Grigori Perelman in the early 2000s.
-
D.
Yang–Mills existence and mass gap problem
The Yang–Mills existence and mass gap problem is a fundamental unsolved question in mathematical physics that asks for a rigorous proof that quantum Yang–Mills theory exists and exhibits a positive mass gap, and is one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems.
-
E.
Gelfand–Kirillov dimension
The Gelfand–Kirillov dimension is an invariant in noncommutative algebra that measures the growth rate of algebras and modules, serving as an analogue of Krull dimension for noncommutative settings.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ab495e192081909c77b622e8e7e15a |
completed | March 6, 2026, 9:38 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abd91b4b3c81908571e85a1621dfc5 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 7:51 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69af98c944548190a8dbe9b81045e97b |
completed | March 10, 2026, 4:06 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69af99fcd7348190b7e99d58ce9c363a |
completed | March 10, 2026, 4:11 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69af9a5938b48190820f37f2e2280438 |
completed | March 10, 2026, 4:13 a.m. |
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:53 p.m.