Triple

T2648173
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Alain Connes E53831 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Connes embedding problem
The Connes embedding problem is a central open question in operator algebras and quantum theory that asks whether every separable II₁ factor can be approximated in a specific way by finite-dimensional matrix algebras.
E286302 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Connes embedding problem | Statement: [Alain Connes, knownFor, Connes embedding problem]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Connes embedding problem
Context triple: [Alain Connes, knownFor, Connes embedding problem]
  • A. Grothendieck inequality
    The Grothendieck inequality is a fundamental result in functional analysis and theoretical computer science that bounds certain bilinear forms and has deep implications for Banach space theory, operator theory, and approximation algorithms.
  • B. Gelfand–Naimark theorem
    The Gelfand–Naimark theorem is a foundational result in functional analysis that characterizes C*-algebras as algebras of bounded operators on a Hilbert space (and, in the commutative case, as algebras of continuous functions on a locally compact Hausdorff space).
  • C. Poincaré conjecture
    The Poincaré conjecture is a landmark problem in topology that characterizes the three-dimensional sphere among three-dimensional manifolds and was famously solved by Grigori Perelman in the early 2000s.
  • D. Yang–Mills existence and mass gap problem
    The Yang–Mills existence and mass gap problem is a fundamental unsolved question in mathematical physics that asks for a rigorous proof that quantum Yang–Mills theory exists and exhibits a positive mass gap, and is one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems.
  • E. Gelfand–Kirillov dimension
    The Gelfand–Kirillov dimension is an invariant in noncommutative algebra that measures the growth rate of algebras and modules, serving as an analogue of Krull dimension for noncommutative settings.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Connes embedding problem
Triple: [Alain Connes, knownFor, Connes embedding problem]
Generated description
The Connes embedding problem is a central open question in operator algebras and quantum theory that asks whether every separable II₁ factor can be approximated in a specific way by finite-dimensional matrix algebras.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Connes embedding problem
Target entity description: The Connes embedding problem is a central open question in operator algebras and quantum theory that asks whether every separable II₁ factor can be approximated in a specific way by finite-dimensional matrix algebras.
  • A. Grothendieck inequality
    The Grothendieck inequality is a fundamental result in functional analysis and theoretical computer science that bounds certain bilinear forms and has deep implications for Banach space theory, operator theory, and approximation algorithms.
  • B. Gelfand–Naimark theorem
    The Gelfand–Naimark theorem is a foundational result in functional analysis that characterizes C*-algebras as algebras of bounded operators on a Hilbert space (and, in the commutative case, as algebras of continuous functions on a locally compact Hausdorff space).
  • C. Poincaré conjecture
    The Poincaré conjecture is a landmark problem in topology that characterizes the three-dimensional sphere among three-dimensional manifolds and was famously solved by Grigori Perelman in the early 2000s.
  • D. Yang–Mills existence and mass gap problem
    The Yang–Mills existence and mass gap problem is a fundamental unsolved question in mathematical physics that asks for a rigorous proof that quantum Yang–Mills theory exists and exhibits a positive mass gap, and is one of the seven Millennium Prize Problems.
  • E. Gelfand–Kirillov dimension
    The Gelfand–Kirillov dimension is an invariant in noncommutative algebra that measures the growth rate of algebras and modules, serving as an analogue of Krull dimension for noncommutative settings.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ab495e192081909c77b622e8e7e15a completed March 6, 2026, 9:38 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abd91b4b3c81908571e85a1621dfc5 completed March 7, 2026, 7:51 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69af98c944548190a8dbe9b81045e97b completed March 10, 2026, 4:06 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69af99fcd7348190b7e99d58ce9c363a completed March 10, 2026, 4:11 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69af9a5938b48190820f37f2e2280438 completed March 10, 2026, 4:13 a.m.
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:53 p.m.