Triple

T2646019
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Karl J. Åström E62984 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object PID Controllers: Theory, Design, and Tuning
PID Controllers: Theory, Design, and Tuning is a foundational engineering text that systematically presents the principles, practical design methods, and tuning techniques for proportional–integral–derivative control systems.
E285085 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: PID Controllers: Theory, Design, and Tuning | Statement: [Karl J. Åström, notableWork, PID Controllers: Theory, Design, and Tuning]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: PID Controllers: Theory, Design, and Tuning
Context triple: [Karl J. Åström, notableWork, PID Controllers: Theory, Design, and Tuning]
  • A. control theory
    Control theory is a branch of engineering and mathematics that studies how to model, analyze, and design systems that regulate their own behavior using feedback.
  • B. Dynamic Systems and Control Division
    The Dynamic Systems and Control Division is a technical division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers focused on the modeling, analysis, and control of dynamic engineering systems.
  • C. ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control
    ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal focusing on rapid dissemination of research in dynamic systems, control theory, and related engineering applications.
  • D. Lyapunov stability theory
    Lyapunov stability theory is a fundamental framework in dynamical systems and control theory that uses energy-like functions to assess the stability of equilibrium points without explicitly solving differential equations.
  • E. IRE Transactions on Automatic Control
    IRE Transactions on Automatic Control was a pioneering scholarly journal that published research in the field of automatic control and control theory, serving as a precursor to the modern IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: PID Controllers: Theory, Design, and Tuning
Triple: [Karl J. Åström, notableWork, PID Controllers: Theory, Design, and Tuning]
Generated description
PID Controllers: Theory, Design, and Tuning is a foundational engineering text that systematically presents the principles, practical design methods, and tuning techniques for proportional–integral–derivative control systems.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: PID Controllers: Theory, Design, and Tuning
Target entity description: PID Controllers: Theory, Design, and Tuning is a foundational engineering text that systematically presents the principles, practical design methods, and tuning techniques for proportional–integral–derivative control systems.
  • A. control theory
    Control theory is a branch of engineering and mathematics that studies how to model, analyze, and design systems that regulate their own behavior using feedback.
  • B. Dynamic Systems and Control Division
    The Dynamic Systems and Control Division is a technical division of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers focused on the modeling, analysis, and control of dynamic engineering systems.
  • C. ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control
    ASME Letters in Dynamic Systems and Control is a peer-reviewed scholarly journal focusing on rapid dissemination of research in dynamic systems, control theory, and related engineering applications.
  • D. Lyapunov stability theory
    Lyapunov stability theory is a fundamental framework in dynamical systems and control theory that uses energy-like functions to assess the stability of equilibrium points without explicitly solving differential equations.
  • E. IRE Transactions on Automatic Control
    IRE Transactions on Automatic Control was a pioneering scholarly journal that published research in the field of automatic control and control theory, serving as a precursor to the modern IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ab4c3f2dcc819082df80f5e032f690 completed March 6, 2026, 9:50 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abd91846b4819093a063c15e1ee6af completed March 7, 2026, 7:51 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69af98c721b08190b380d3625126cb55 completed March 10, 2026, 4:06 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69af996e93f08190ac4b8faa64fb0550 completed March 10, 2026, 4:09 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69af99d58744819098633b2b51f7943e completed March 10, 2026, 4:11 a.m.
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:53 p.m.