Triple
T2631387
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Schwinger functions |
E59637
|
entity |
| Predicate | relatedTo |
P37
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Minkowski-space Green’s functions
Minkowski-space Green’s functions are fundamental correlation functions in relativistic quantum field theory that encode the causal propagation and interactions of quantum fields in spacetime.
|
E59637
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Minkowski-space Green’s functions | Statement: [Schwinger functions, relatedTo, Minkowski-space Green’s functions]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Minkowski-space Green’s functions Context triple: [Schwinger functions, relatedTo, Minkowski-space Green’s functions]
-
A.
Schwinger functions
Schwinger functions are Euclidean-space correlation functions in quantum field theory that encode the theory’s dynamics and can be analytically continued to yield physical Minkowski-space Green’s functions.
-
B.
Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED
Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED is a landmark theoretical result that rigorously demonstrated the mathematical consistency and mutual compatibility of different approaches to quantum electrodynamics.
-
C.
Infeld–van der Waerden formalism
The Infeld–van der Waerden formalism is a mathematical framework in general relativity that reformulates the theory using spinor calculus to describe gravitational and electromagnetic fields.
-
D.
Schwinger–Dyson equations
The Schwinger–Dyson equations are a set of integral equations in quantum field theory that relate correlation functions and encode the full dynamics of a quantum field.
-
E.
Euclidean quantum field theory
Euclidean quantum field theory is a formulation of quantum field theory in imaginary (Euclidean) time that enables rigorous mathematical treatment and path-integral representations closely connected to statistical mechanics.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Minkowski-space Green’s functions Triple: [Schwinger functions, relatedTo, Minkowski-space Green’s functions]
Generated description
Minkowski-space Green’s functions are fundamental correlation functions in relativistic quantum field theory that encode the causal propagation and interactions of quantum fields in spacetime.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Minkowski-space Green’s functions Target entity description: Minkowski-space Green’s functions are fundamental correlation functions in relativistic quantum field theory that encode the causal propagation and interactions of quantum fields in spacetime.
-
A.
Schwinger functions
chosen
Schwinger functions are Euclidean-space correlation functions in quantum field theory that encode the theory’s dynamics and can be analytically continued to yield physical Minkowski-space Green’s functions.
-
B.
Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED
Dyson’s proof of equivalence of Feynman and Schwinger–Tomonaga formulations of QED is a landmark theoretical result that rigorously demonstrated the mathematical consistency and mutual compatibility of different approaches to quantum electrodynamics.
-
C.
Infeld–van der Waerden formalism
The Infeld–van der Waerden formalism is a mathematical framework in general relativity that reformulates the theory using spinor calculus to describe gravitational and electromagnetic fields.
-
D.
Schwinger–Dyson equations
The Schwinger–Dyson equations are a set of integral equations in quantum field theory that relate correlation functions and encode the full dynamics of a quantum field.
-
E.
Euclidean quantum field theory
Euclidean quantum field theory is a formulation of quantum field theory in imaginary (Euclidean) time that enables rigorous mathematical treatment and path-integral representations closely connected to statistical mechanics.
- F. None of above.
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ab4ac8596c8190b34997e73d9e991c |
completed | March 6, 2026, 9:44 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abd8c6e540819087c7f92432b27b0f |
completed | March 7, 2026, 7:50 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69af90a7021081909f81c4ddb48fa00c |
completed | March 10, 2026, 3:31 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69af9172ba248190bbc68a00b43d9b44 |
completed | March 10, 2026, 3:35 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69af92500920819082c651f75a06dd72 |
completed | March 10, 2026, 3:38 a.m. |
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:50 p.m.