Triple

T2631114
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Gell-Mann–Low theorem E59631 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Dyson’s formula
Dyson’s formula is a key expression in quantum field theory that provides the perturbative expansion of time-ordered exponentials, forming the basis of the Dyson series used to compute interaction effects.
E284667 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Dyson’s formula | Statement: [Gell-Mann–Low theorem, relatedTo, Dyson’s formula]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dyson’s formula
Context triple: [Gell-Mann–Low theorem, relatedTo, Dyson’s formula]
  • A. Feynman–Kac formula
    The Feynman–Kac formula is a fundamental result connecting solutions of certain partial differential equations with expectations over stochastic processes, forming a bridge between quantum mechanics, probability theory, and mathematical finance.
  • B. Dynkin formula
    Dynkin formula is a fundamental result in the theory of Markov processes that expresses the expected value of a function of the process at a stopping time in terms of its generator and an integral over time.
  • C. Dyson’s transform in number theory
    Dyson’s transform in number theory is a combinatorial technique introduced by Freeman Dyson to manipulate and relate integer partitions, particularly in the study of partition identities and congruences.
  • D. Kubo formula
    The Kubo formula is a fundamental result in linear response theory that expresses transport coefficients and response functions in terms of equilibrium correlation functions in statistical mechanics and quantum many-body physics.
  • E. Chapman–Kolmogorov equation
    The Chapman–Kolmogorov equation is a fundamental relation in the theory of stochastic processes that expresses how transition probabilities of a Markov process over longer time intervals can be obtained by integrating over intermediate states.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Dyson’s formula
Triple: [Gell-Mann–Low theorem, relatedTo, Dyson’s formula]
Generated description
Dyson’s formula is a key expression in quantum field theory that provides the perturbative expansion of time-ordered exponentials, forming the basis of the Dyson series used to compute interaction effects.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Dyson’s formula
Target entity description: Dyson’s formula is a key expression in quantum field theory that provides the perturbative expansion of time-ordered exponentials, forming the basis of the Dyson series used to compute interaction effects.
  • A. Feynman–Kac formula
    The Feynman–Kac formula is a fundamental result connecting solutions of certain partial differential equations with expectations over stochastic processes, forming a bridge between quantum mechanics, probability theory, and mathematical finance.
  • B. Dynkin formula
    Dynkin formula is a fundamental result in the theory of Markov processes that expresses the expected value of a function of the process at a stopping time in terms of its generator and an integral over time.
  • C. Dyson’s transform in number theory
    Dyson’s transform in number theory is a combinatorial technique introduced by Freeman Dyson to manipulate and relate integer partitions, particularly in the study of partition identities and congruences.
  • D. Kubo formula
    The Kubo formula is a fundamental result in linear response theory that expresses transport coefficients and response functions in terms of equilibrium correlation functions in statistical mechanics and quantum many-body physics.
  • E. Chapman–Kolmogorov equation
    The Chapman–Kolmogorov equation is a fundamental relation in the theory of stochastic processes that expresses how transition probabilities of a Markov process over longer time intervals can be obtained by integrating over intermediate states.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ab4ac8596c8190b34997e73d9e991c completed March 6, 2026, 9:44 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abd8c567408190b94ff047efa4bc06 completed March 7, 2026, 7:50 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69af90a7021081909f81c4ddb48fa00c completed March 10, 2026, 3:31 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69af9172ba248190bbc68a00b43d9b44 completed March 10, 2026, 3:35 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69af92500920819082c651f75a06dd72 completed March 10, 2026, 3:38 a.m.
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:50 p.m.