Triple

T2631091
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Gell-Mann–Low theorem E59631 entity
Predicate namedAfter P63 FINISHED
Object Francis E. Low
Francis E. Low was an American theoretical physicist known for his influential work in quantum field theory and particle physics, including contributions to renormalization and the development of key theorems.
 E322506 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Francis E. Low | Statement: [Gell-Mann–Low theorem, namedAfter, Francis E. Low]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Francis E. Low
Context triple: [Gell-Mann–Low theorem, namedAfter, Francis E. Low]
  • A. Francis W. Sears
    Francis W. Sears was an American physicist and influential physics educator known for his widely used textbooks and contributions to physics teaching.
  • B. Herbert L. Anderson
    Herbert L. Anderson was an American experimental physicist who played a crucial role in the development of the first nuclear chain reaction and early atomic research during the Manhattan Project.
  • C. Arthur K. Bolton
    Arthur K. Bolton was the Attorney General of Georgia who defended the state's abortion law in the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Doe v. Bolton.
  • D. Vernon L. Walker
    Vernon L. Walker was an American cinematographer and visual effects artist best known for his pioneering work on early Hollywood fantasy and adventure films, including the original 1933 King Kong.
  • E. Harold A. Wheeler
    Harold A. Wheeler was an influential American electrical engineer and inventor known for his pioneering contributions to radio and radar technology.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Francis E. Low
Triple: [Gell-Mann–Low theorem, namedAfter, Francis E. Low]
Generated description
Francis E. Low was an American theoretical physicist known for his influential work in quantum field theory and particle physics, including contributions to renormalization and the development of key theorems.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07 
Target entity: Francis E. Low
Target entity description: Francis E. Low was an American theoretical physicist known for his influential work in quantum field theory and particle physics, including contributions to renormalization and the development of key theorems.
  • A. Francis W. Sears
    Francis W. Sears was an American physicist and influential physics educator known for his widely used textbooks and contributions to physics teaching.
  • B. Herbert L. Anderson
    Herbert L. Anderson was an American experimental physicist who played a crucial role in the development of the first nuclear chain reaction and early atomic research during the Manhattan Project.
  • C. Arthur K. Bolton
    Arthur K. Bolton was the Attorney General of Georgia who defended the state's abortion law in the landmark U.S. Supreme Court case Doe v. Bolton.
  • D. Vernon L. Walker
    Vernon L. Walker was an American cinematographer and visual effects artist best known for his pioneering work on early Hollywood fantasy and adventure films, including the original 1933 King Kong.
  • E. Harold A. Wheeler
    Harold A. Wheeler was an influential American electrical engineer and inventor known for his pioneering contributions to radio and radar technology.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ab4ac8596c8190b34997e73d9e991c completed March 6, 2026, 9:44 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abd8c567408190b94ff047efa4bc06 completed March 7, 2026, 7:50 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69b1eecec6888190a0d8cb0729856bed completed March 11, 2026, 10:38 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69b1ef5bbec4819082757bb3ddd614ff completed March 11, 2026, 10:40 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69b1efdfba0081908e3e30faa8d0f862 completed March 11, 2026, 10:42 p.m.
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:50 p.m.