Triple
T2566436
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Johann Heinrich Lambert |
E57361
|
entity |
| Predicate | knownFor |
P22
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Lambertian reflectance law in optics
The Lambertian reflectance law in optics describes an ideal diffuse surface that appears equally bright from all viewing angles because its apparent brightness is proportional to the cosine of the angle between the incident light and the surface normal.
|
E279125
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Lambertian reflectance law in optics | Statement: [Johann Heinrich Lambert, knownFor, Lambertian reflectance law in optics]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lambertian reflectance law in optics Context triple: [Johann Heinrich Lambert, knownFor, Lambertian reflectance law in optics]
-
A.
Über die Reflexion des Lichts in einer inhomogenen Schicht
"Über die Reflexion des Lichts in einer inhomogenen Schicht" is the physics doctoral dissertation of Moritz Schlick, in which he investigates the behavior and reflection of light in non-uniform media.
-
B.
Kirchhoff diffraction theory
Kirchhoff diffraction theory is a classical wave optics framework that models light propagation and diffraction by treating wavefronts as superpositions of secondary spherical waves emitted from an aperture.
-
C.
Snell’s law of refraction
Snell’s law of refraction is a fundamental principle in optics that relates the angles of incidence and refraction to the refractive indices of two media, governing how light bends when passing between them.
-
D.
Fresnel equations
The Fresnel equations are fundamental formulas in optics that describe how light is partially reflected and transmitted at the boundary between two media with different refractive indices, depending on polarization and angle of incidence.
-
E.
Fermat’s principle of least time
Fermat’s principle of least time is a fundamental variational principle in optics stating that light follows the path that takes the least time, from which many laws of geometrical optics can be derived.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Lambertian reflectance law in optics Triple: [Johann Heinrich Lambert, knownFor, Lambertian reflectance law in optics]
Generated description
The Lambertian reflectance law in optics describes an ideal diffuse surface that appears equally bright from all viewing angles because its apparent brightness is proportional to the cosine of the angle between the incident light and the surface normal.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lambertian reflectance law in optics Target entity description: The Lambertian reflectance law in optics describes an ideal diffuse surface that appears equally bright from all viewing angles because its apparent brightness is proportional to the cosine of the angle between the incident light and the surface normal.
-
A.
Über die Reflexion des Lichts in einer inhomogenen Schicht
"Über die Reflexion des Lichts in einer inhomogenen Schicht" is the physics doctoral dissertation of Moritz Schlick, in which he investigates the behavior and reflection of light in non-uniform media.
-
B.
Kirchhoff diffraction theory
Kirchhoff diffraction theory is a classical wave optics framework that models light propagation and diffraction by treating wavefronts as superpositions of secondary spherical waves emitted from an aperture.
-
C.
Snell’s law of refraction
Snell’s law of refraction is a fundamental principle in optics that relates the angles of incidence and refraction to the refractive indices of two media, governing how light bends when passing between them.
-
D.
Fresnel equations
The Fresnel equations are fundamental formulas in optics that describe how light is partially reflected and transmitted at the boundary between two media with different refractive indices, depending on polarization and angle of incidence.
-
E.
Fermat’s principle of least time
Fermat’s principle of least time is a fundamental variational principle in optics stating that light follows the path that takes the least time, from which many laws of geometrical optics can be derived.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ab4a4ef9008190a0e6d4422b9418b7 |
completed | March 6, 2026, 9:42 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abd35ef22c8190966612cc75f69eca |
completed | March 7, 2026, 7:27 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69af6565e05081909dc12aa3240de5f2 |
completed | March 10, 2026, 12:27 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69af667c6b008190b3960f29f5e07653 |
completed | March 10, 2026, 12:31 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69af6740cd2c8190a76309238340bd22 |
completed | March 10, 2026, 12:35 a.m. |
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:48 p.m.