Triple

T2566436
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Johann Heinrich Lambert E57361 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Lambertian reflectance law in optics
The Lambertian reflectance law in optics describes an ideal diffuse surface that appears equally bright from all viewing angles because its apparent brightness is proportional to the cosine of the angle between the incident light and the surface normal.
E279125 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Lambertian reflectance law in optics | Statement: [Johann Heinrich Lambert, knownFor, Lambertian reflectance law in optics]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lambertian reflectance law in optics
Context triple: [Johann Heinrich Lambert, knownFor, Lambertian reflectance law in optics]
  • A. Über die Reflexion des Lichts in einer inhomogenen Schicht
    "Über die Reflexion des Lichts in einer inhomogenen Schicht" is the physics doctoral dissertation of Moritz Schlick, in which he investigates the behavior and reflection of light in non-uniform media.
  • B. Kirchhoff diffraction theory
    Kirchhoff diffraction theory is a classical wave optics framework that models light propagation and diffraction by treating wavefronts as superpositions of secondary spherical waves emitted from an aperture.
  • C. Snell’s law of refraction
    Snell’s law of refraction is a fundamental principle in optics that relates the angles of incidence and refraction to the refractive indices of two media, governing how light bends when passing between them.
  • D. Fresnel equations
    The Fresnel equations are fundamental formulas in optics that describe how light is partially reflected and transmitted at the boundary between two media with different refractive indices, depending on polarization and angle of incidence.
  • E. Fermat’s principle of least time
    Fermat’s principle of least time is a fundamental variational principle in optics stating that light follows the path that takes the least time, from which many laws of geometrical optics can be derived.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Lambertian reflectance law in optics
Triple: [Johann Heinrich Lambert, knownFor, Lambertian reflectance law in optics]
Generated description
The Lambertian reflectance law in optics describes an ideal diffuse surface that appears equally bright from all viewing angles because its apparent brightness is proportional to the cosine of the angle between the incident light and the surface normal.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Lambertian reflectance law in optics
Target entity description: The Lambertian reflectance law in optics describes an ideal diffuse surface that appears equally bright from all viewing angles because its apparent brightness is proportional to the cosine of the angle between the incident light and the surface normal.
  • A. Über die Reflexion des Lichts in einer inhomogenen Schicht
    "Über die Reflexion des Lichts in einer inhomogenen Schicht" is the physics doctoral dissertation of Moritz Schlick, in which he investigates the behavior and reflection of light in non-uniform media.
  • B. Kirchhoff diffraction theory
    Kirchhoff diffraction theory is a classical wave optics framework that models light propagation and diffraction by treating wavefronts as superpositions of secondary spherical waves emitted from an aperture.
  • C. Snell’s law of refraction
    Snell’s law of refraction is a fundamental principle in optics that relates the angles of incidence and refraction to the refractive indices of two media, governing how light bends when passing between them.
  • D. Fresnel equations
    The Fresnel equations are fundamental formulas in optics that describe how light is partially reflected and transmitted at the boundary between two media with different refractive indices, depending on polarization and angle of incidence.
  • E. Fermat’s principle of least time
    Fermat’s principle of least time is a fundamental variational principle in optics stating that light follows the path that takes the least time, from which many laws of geometrical optics can be derived.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ab4a4ef9008190a0e6d4422b9418b7 completed March 6, 2026, 9:42 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abd35ef22c8190966612cc75f69eca completed March 7, 2026, 7:27 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69af6565e05081909dc12aa3240de5f2 completed March 10, 2026, 12:27 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69af667c6b008190b3960f29f5e07653 completed March 10, 2026, 12:31 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69af6740cd2c8190a76309238340bd22 completed March 10, 2026, 12:35 a.m.
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:48 p.m.