Triple
T249481
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Bell System Technical Journal |
E5110
|
entity |
| Predicate | hasNotableAuthor |
P4244
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Rudolf E. Kálmán
Rudolf E. Kálmán was a pioneering Hungarian-American electrical engineer and mathematician best known for developing the Kalman filter, a fundamental algorithm in control theory and signal processing.
|
E36567
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Rudolf E. Kálmán | Statement: [Bell System Technical Journal, hasNotableAuthor, Rudolf E. Kálmán]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rudolf E. Kálmán Context triple: [Bell System Technical Journal, hasNotableAuthor, Rudolf E. Kálmán]
-
A.
Josef Bühler
Josef Bühler was a high-ranking Nazi official and lawyer who served as State Secretary in the General Government of occupied Poland and played a key role in implementing the Holocaust.
-
B.
Franz Eckert
Franz Eckert was a German musician and composer known for arranging and influencing early modern national anthems in Japan and Korea.
-
C.
Rudolf Lange
Rudolf Lange was a high-ranking SS officer and Holocaust perpetrator who played a key role in mass shootings in Latvia and participated in the Wannsee Conference that coordinated the "Final Solution."
-
D.
Ernst Göhner
Ernst Göhner was a prominent Swiss entrepreneur and industrialist known for building a major construction and real estate empire and for his significant philanthropic legacy.
-
E.
Leopold Eidlitz
Leopold Eidlitz was a 19th-century American architect known for his influential role in developing a distinctively American Gothic and Romanesque architectural style.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Rudolf E. Kálmán Triple: [Bell System Technical Journal, hasNotableAuthor, Rudolf E. Kálmán]
Generated description
Rudolf E. Kálmán was a pioneering Hungarian-American electrical engineer and mathematician best known for developing the Kalman filter, a fundamental algorithm in control theory and signal processing.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rudolf E. Kálmán Target entity description: Rudolf E. Kálmán was a pioneering Hungarian-American electrical engineer and mathematician best known for developing the Kalman filter, a fundamental algorithm in control theory and signal processing.
-
A.
Josef Bühler
Josef Bühler was a high-ranking Nazi official and lawyer who served as State Secretary in the General Government of occupied Poland and played a key role in implementing the Holocaust.
-
B.
Franz Eckert
Franz Eckert was a German musician and composer known for arranging and influencing early modern national anthems in Japan and Korea.
-
C.
Rudolf Lange
Rudolf Lange was a high-ranking SS officer and Holocaust perpetrator who played a key role in mass shootings in Latvia and participated in the Wannsee Conference that coordinated the "Final Solution."
-
D.
Ernst Göhner
Ernst Göhner was a prominent Swiss entrepreneur and industrialist known for building a major construction and real estate empire and for his significant philanthropic legacy.
-
E.
Leopold Eidlitz
Leopold Eidlitz was a 19th-century American architect known for his influential role in developing a distinctively American Gothic and Romanesque architectural style.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a257c4bf688190a46ebbf411ab7473 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 2:49 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a25d3728f0819086214ccc2db2305a |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 3:12 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a399a2991c8190a3f79aa899720a7c |
completed | March 1, 2026, 1:42 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a39afffa5c8190a71e91cbea794197 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 1:48 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a39b7aac5881908b2efeaae2603555 |
completed | March 1, 2026, 1:50 a.m. |
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 2:54 a.m.