Triple

T249481
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Bell System Technical Journal E5110 entity
Predicate hasNotableAuthor P4244 FINISHED
Object Rudolf E. Kálmán
Rudolf E. Kálmán was a pioneering Hungarian-American electrical engineer and mathematician best known for developing the Kalman filter, a fundamental algorithm in control theory and signal processing.
E36567 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Rudolf E. Kálmán | Statement: [Bell System Technical Journal, hasNotableAuthor, Rudolf E. Kálmán]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rudolf E. Kálmán
Context triple: [Bell System Technical Journal, hasNotableAuthor, Rudolf E. Kálmán]
  • A. Josef Bühler
    Josef Bühler was a high-ranking Nazi official and lawyer who served as State Secretary in the General Government of occupied Poland and played a key role in implementing the Holocaust.
  • B. Franz Eckert
    Franz Eckert was a German musician and composer known for arranging and influencing early modern national anthems in Japan and Korea.
  • C. Rudolf Lange
    Rudolf Lange was a high-ranking SS officer and Holocaust perpetrator who played a key role in mass shootings in Latvia and participated in the Wannsee Conference that coordinated the "Final Solution."
  • D. Ernst Göhner
    Ernst Göhner was a prominent Swiss entrepreneur and industrialist known for building a major construction and real estate empire and for his significant philanthropic legacy.
  • E. Leopold Eidlitz
    Leopold Eidlitz was a 19th-century American architect known for his influential role in developing a distinctively American Gothic and Romanesque architectural style.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Rudolf E. Kálmán
Triple: [Bell System Technical Journal, hasNotableAuthor, Rudolf E. Kálmán]
Generated description
Rudolf E. Kálmán was a pioneering Hungarian-American electrical engineer and mathematician best known for developing the Kalman filter, a fundamental algorithm in control theory and signal processing.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Rudolf E. Kálmán
Target entity description: Rudolf E. Kálmán was a pioneering Hungarian-American electrical engineer and mathematician best known for developing the Kalman filter, a fundamental algorithm in control theory and signal processing.
  • A. Josef Bühler
    Josef Bühler was a high-ranking Nazi official and lawyer who served as State Secretary in the General Government of occupied Poland and played a key role in implementing the Holocaust.
  • B. Franz Eckert
    Franz Eckert was a German musician and composer known for arranging and influencing early modern national anthems in Japan and Korea.
  • C. Rudolf Lange
    Rudolf Lange was a high-ranking SS officer and Holocaust perpetrator who played a key role in mass shootings in Latvia and participated in the Wannsee Conference that coordinated the "Final Solution."
  • D. Ernst Göhner
    Ernst Göhner was a prominent Swiss entrepreneur and industrialist known for building a major construction and real estate empire and for his significant philanthropic legacy.
  • E. Leopold Eidlitz
    Leopold Eidlitz was a 19th-century American architect known for his influential role in developing a distinctively American Gothic and Romanesque architectural style.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a257c4bf688190a46ebbf411ab7473 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 2:49 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a25d3728f0819086214ccc2db2305a completed Feb. 28, 2026, 3:12 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a399a2991c8190a3f79aa899720a7c completed March 1, 2026, 1:42 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a39afffa5c8190a71e91cbea794197 completed March 1, 2026, 1:48 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a39b7aac5881908b2efeaae2603555 completed March 1, 2026, 1:50 a.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 2:54 a.m.