Triple
T249045
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Addison-Wesley |
E5101
|
entity |
| Predicate | hasPublished |
P80
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code
"Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code" is a seminal software engineering book by Martin Fowler that systematically defines refactoring techniques to improve code structure while preserving behavior.
|
E32454
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code | Statement: [Addison-Wesley, hasPublished, Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code Context triple: [Addison-Wesley, hasPublished, Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code]
-
A.
IEEE software engineering standards collection
The IEEE software engineering standards collection is a comprehensive set of internationally recognized guidelines and best practices that define processes, documentation, and quality criteria across the software development lifecycle.
-
B.
Python Enhancement Proposals
Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs) are the formal design documents that propose, specify, and document new features, processes, and standards for the Python programming language.
-
C.
Rational software tools
Rational software tools are a suite of IBM-developed software engineering products that support tasks such as requirements management, modeling, design, testing, and project management across the software development lifecycle.
-
D.
International Conference on Software Engineering
The International Conference on Software Engineering is a premier annual academic and industry forum for presenting and discussing cutting-edge research, practices, and innovations in software engineering.
-
E.
The GNU Manifesto
The GNU Manifesto is Richard Stallman’s foundational essay outlining the philosophy, goals, and rationale for the free software movement and the GNU Project.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code Triple: [Addison-Wesley, hasPublished, Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code]
Generated description
"Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code" is a seminal software engineering book by Martin Fowler that systematically defines refactoring techniques to improve code structure while preserving behavior.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code Target entity description: "Refactoring: Improving the Design of Existing Code" is a seminal software engineering book by Martin Fowler that systematically defines refactoring techniques to improve code structure while preserving behavior.
-
A.
IEEE software engineering standards collection
The IEEE software engineering standards collection is a comprehensive set of internationally recognized guidelines and best practices that define processes, documentation, and quality criteria across the software development lifecycle.
-
B.
Python Enhancement Proposals
Python Enhancement Proposals (PEPs) are the formal design documents that propose, specify, and document new features, processes, and standards for the Python programming language.
-
C.
Rational software tools
Rational software tools are a suite of IBM-developed software engineering products that support tasks such as requirements management, modeling, design, testing, and project management across the software development lifecycle.
-
D.
International Conference on Software Engineering
The International Conference on Software Engineering is a premier annual academic and industry forum for presenting and discussing cutting-edge research, practices, and innovations in software engineering.
-
E.
The GNU Manifesto
The GNU Manifesto is Richard Stallman’s foundational essay outlining the philosophy, goals, and rationale for the free software movement and the GNU Project.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a257c4bf688190a46ebbf411ab7473 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 2:49 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a25d35aa288190966b6e15af1525cb |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 3:12 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a37371d2548190a71a1b15d6f9ce3c |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 11 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a373f650588190af71549fb7df4ae6 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 11:02 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a374a737f88190a4b2d838db12cc4e |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 11:05 p.m. |
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 2:54 a.m.