Triple

T248997
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory E5100 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory is a formulation of quantum mechanical perturbation theory that uses an energy-dependent effective Hamiltonian to obtain improved approximations to eigenvalues and eigenstates.
E33422 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory | Statement: [Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory, relatedTo, Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory
Context triple: [Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory, relatedTo, Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory]
  • A. Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory
    Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory is a fundamental method in quantum mechanics for approximating the energies and states of a system by treating interactions as small corrections to an exactly solvable problem.
  • B. Herzberg–Teller approximation
    The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
  • C. Born–Oppenheimer approximation
    The Born–Oppenheimer approximation is a fundamental method in molecular quantum mechanics that simplifies calculations by treating nuclear motion as much slower than electronic motion, allowing their behaviors to be separated.
  • D. Born–Huang expansion
    The Born–Huang expansion is a quantum mechanical method that systematically improves upon the Born–Oppenheimer approximation by including couplings between electronic and nuclear motions in molecular systems.
  • E. The Nature of the Chemical Bond
    The Nature of the Chemical Bond is a landmark chemistry book by Linus Pauling that systematically explains chemical bonding using quantum mechanics and became one of the most influential scientific texts of the 20th century.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory
Triple: [Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory, relatedTo, Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory]
Generated description
Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory is a formulation of quantum mechanical perturbation theory that uses an energy-dependent effective Hamiltonian to obtain improved approximations to eigenvalues and eigenstates.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory
Target entity description: Brillouin–Wigner perturbation theory is a formulation of quantum mechanical perturbation theory that uses an energy-dependent effective Hamiltonian to obtain improved approximations to eigenvalues and eigenstates.
  • A. Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory
    Rayleigh–Schrödinger perturbation theory is a fundamental method in quantum mechanics for approximating the energies and states of a system by treating interactions as small corrections to an exactly solvable problem.
  • B. Herzberg–Teller approximation
    The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
  • C. Born–Oppenheimer approximation
    The Born–Oppenheimer approximation is a fundamental method in molecular quantum mechanics that simplifies calculations by treating nuclear motion as much slower than electronic motion, allowing their behaviors to be separated.
  • D. Born–Huang expansion
    The Born–Huang expansion is a quantum mechanical method that systematically improves upon the Born–Oppenheimer approximation by including couplings between electronic and nuclear motions in molecular systems.
  • E. The Nature of the Chemical Bond
    The Nature of the Chemical Bond is a landmark chemistry book by Linus Pauling that systematically explains chemical bonding using quantum mechanics and became one of the most influential scientific texts of the 20th century.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a257c4bf688190a46ebbf411ab7473 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 2:49 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a25d35aa288190966b6e15af1525cb completed Feb. 28, 2026, 3:12 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a379552ca081908b2c6043714f7042 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 11:25 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a37a79036081909c885007c205c375 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 11:30 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a37d397e0c8190b6298f5f23188047 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 11:41 p.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 2:54 a.m.