Triple
T2475547
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Israel Gelfand |
E55078
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Representation Theory and Automorphic Functions
"Representation Theory and Automorphic Functions" is a seminal mathematical work by Israel Gelfand that develops the connections between representation theory of groups and the theory of automorphic forms, with deep applications in number theory and harmonic analysis.
|
E270392
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Representation Theory and Automorphic Functions | Statement: [Israel Gelfand, notableWork, Representation Theory and Automorphic Functions]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Representation Theory and Automorphic Functions Context triple: [Israel Gelfand, notableWork, Representation Theory and Automorphic Functions]
-
A.
Weil representation
The Weil representation is a fundamental projective unitary representation of symplectic groups (or their metaplectic covers) on spaces of functions, central to number theory, automorphic forms, and the theory of theta functions.
-
B.
Selberg trace formula
The Selberg trace formula is a fundamental result in analytic number theory and spectral theory that relates lengths of closed geodesics on a Riemannian manifold to the spectrum of its Laplace operator, serving as a non-abelian analogue of the Poisson summation formula.
-
C.
Deligne–Lusztig theory
Deligne–Lusztig theory is a framework in algebraic geometry and representation theory that constructs and studies representations of finite groups of Lie type using varieties defined over finite fields.
-
D.
Plancherel theorem for real reductive groups
The Plancherel theorem for real reductive groups is a fundamental result in representation theory that describes how square-integrable functions on a real reductive Lie group decompose into irreducible unitary representations, generalizing Fourier analysis to this non-abelian setting.
-
E.
Harish-Chandra isomorphism
The Harish-Chandra isomorphism is a fundamental result in representation theory that identifies the center of the universal enveloping algebra of a semisimple Lie algebra with the algebra of Weyl group–invariant polynomials on a Cartan subalgebra.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Representation Theory and Automorphic Functions Triple: [Israel Gelfand, notableWork, Representation Theory and Automorphic Functions]
Generated description
"Representation Theory and Automorphic Functions" is a seminal mathematical work by Israel Gelfand that develops the connections between representation theory of groups and the theory of automorphic forms, with deep applications in number theory and harmonic analysis.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Representation Theory and Automorphic Functions Target entity description: "Representation Theory and Automorphic Functions" is a seminal mathematical work by Israel Gelfand that develops the connections between representation theory of groups and the theory of automorphic forms, with deep applications in number theory and harmonic analysis.
-
A.
Weil representation
The Weil representation is a fundamental projective unitary representation of symplectic groups (or their metaplectic covers) on spaces of functions, central to number theory, automorphic forms, and the theory of theta functions.
-
B.
Selberg trace formula
The Selberg trace formula is a fundamental result in analytic number theory and spectral theory that relates lengths of closed geodesics on a Riemannian manifold to the spectrum of its Laplace operator, serving as a non-abelian analogue of the Poisson summation formula.
-
C.
Deligne–Lusztig theory
Deligne–Lusztig theory is a framework in algebraic geometry and representation theory that constructs and studies representations of finite groups of Lie type using varieties defined over finite fields.
-
D.
Plancherel theorem for real reductive groups
The Plancherel theorem for real reductive groups is a fundamental result in representation theory that describes how square-integrable functions on a real reductive Lie group decompose into irreducible unitary representations, generalizing Fourier analysis to this non-abelian setting.
-
E.
Harish-Chandra isomorphism
The Harish-Chandra isomorphism is a fundamental result in representation theory that identifies the center of the universal enveloping algebra of a semisimple Lie algebra with the algebra of Weyl group–invariant polynomials on a Cartan subalgebra.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69ab49e279e88190ab10d7248aea9d11 |
completed | March 6, 2026, 9:40 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abd14c8c388190bbdc486ffed6899e |
completed | March 7, 2026, 7:18 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69af17ab837881909bf8704acf9598e4 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 6:55 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69af1a8c7784819088be431513d60325 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 7:07 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69af1b10738881909b296ecd3ff53c1b |
completed | March 9, 2026, 7:10 p.m. |
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:45 p.m.