Triple

T246166
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject The Astrophysical Journal E5042 entity
Predicate foundedBy P104 FINISHED
Object James Edward Keeler
James Edward Keeler was an American astronomer noted for his pioneering spectroscopic studies of Saturn’s rings and for his influential role in late 19th-century astrophysical research.
E36565 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: James Edward Keeler | Statement: [The Astrophysical Journal, foundedBy, James Edward Keeler]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: James Edward Keeler
Context triple: [The Astrophysical Journal, foundedBy, James Edward Keeler]
  • A. George Willis Ritchey
    George Willis Ritchey was an American optician and telescope designer renowned for pioneering advanced reflecting telescope technologies in the early 20th century.
  • B. Edward Charles Pickering
    Edward Charles Pickering was a pioneering American astronomer and longtime director of the Harvard College Observatory, known for his major contributions to stellar spectroscopy and the classification of stars.
  • C. Simon Newcomb
    Simon Newcomb was a 19th-century Canadian-American astronomer and mathematician renowned for his work in celestial mechanics, astronomical constants, and early studies of what became known as Benford's law.
  • D. George Ellery Hale
    George Ellery Hale was an influential American solar astronomer and observatory builder who pioneered modern astrophysics and led the creation of several of the world’s largest telescopes.
  • E. William F. Lamb
    William F. Lamb was an American architect best known as the principal designer of the Empire State Building and a leading partner in the firm Shreve, Lamb & Harmon.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: James Edward Keeler
Triple: [The Astrophysical Journal, foundedBy, James Edward Keeler]
Generated description
James Edward Keeler was an American astronomer noted for his pioneering spectroscopic studies of Saturn’s rings and for his influential role in late 19th-century astrophysical research.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: James Edward Keeler
Target entity description: James Edward Keeler was an American astronomer noted for his pioneering spectroscopic studies of Saturn’s rings and for his influential role in late 19th-century astrophysical research.
  • A. George Willis Ritchey
    George Willis Ritchey was an American optician and telescope designer renowned for pioneering advanced reflecting telescope technologies in the early 20th century.
  • B. Edward Charles Pickering
    Edward Charles Pickering was a pioneering American astronomer and longtime director of the Harvard College Observatory, known for his major contributions to stellar spectroscopy and the classification of stars.
  • C. Simon Newcomb
    Simon Newcomb was a 19th-century Canadian-American astronomer and mathematician renowned for his work in celestial mechanics, astronomical constants, and early studies of what became known as Benford's law.
  • D. George Ellery Hale
    George Ellery Hale was an influential American solar astronomer and observatory builder who pioneered modern astrophysics and led the creation of several of the world’s largest telescopes.
  • E. William F. Lamb
    William F. Lamb was an American architect best known as the principal designer of the Empire State Building and a leading partner in the firm Shreve, Lamb & Harmon.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a257c4bf688190a46ebbf411ab7473 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 2:49 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a25d128c0081909908825b302ae635 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 3:12 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a399a2991c8190a3f79aa899720a7c completed March 1, 2026, 1:42 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a39afffa5c8190a71e91cbea794197 completed March 1, 2026, 1:48 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a39b7aac5881908b2efeaae2603555 completed March 1, 2026, 1:50 a.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 2:54 a.m.