Triple

T2458910
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Arecibo Observatory E54484 entity
Predicate discovered P412 FINISHED
Object first binary pulsar PSR B1913+16
PSR B1913+16 is a landmark binary pulsar system whose precisely measured orbital decay provided the first strong indirect evidence for the existence of gravitational waves, leading to a Nobel Prize in Physics.
E267990 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: first binary pulsar PSR B1913+16 | Statement: [Arecibo Observatory, discovered, first binary pulsar PSR B1913+16]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: first binary pulsar PSR B1913+16
Context triple: [Arecibo Observatory, discovered, first binary pulsar PSR B1913+16]
  • A. neutron star hypothesis
    The neutron star hypothesis is Fritz Zwicky’s pioneering proposal that supernova explosions leave behind extremely dense stellar remnants composed primarily of neutrons, now known as neutron stars.
  • B. Gravity Probe B experiment
    Gravity Probe B experiment was a NASA-led satellite mission designed to precisely measure how Earth's gravity warps space and time, providing a high-accuracy test of key predictions of Einstein's general relativity.
  • C. Cocconi
    Cocconi is an Italian surname most notably associated with physicist Giuseppe Cocconi, a pioneer in particle physics and early SETI research.
  • D. Tolman surface brightness test
    The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
  • E. Ives–Stilwell experiment
    The Ives–Stilwell experiment is a classic test of special relativity that measured the relativistic Doppler effect to confirm time dilation for fast-moving ions.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: first binary pulsar PSR B1913+16
Triple: [Arecibo Observatory, discovered, first binary pulsar PSR B1913+16]
Generated description
PSR B1913+16 is a landmark binary pulsar system whose precisely measured orbital decay provided the first strong indirect evidence for the existence of gravitational waves, leading to a Nobel Prize in Physics.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: first binary pulsar PSR B1913+16
Target entity description: PSR B1913+16 is a landmark binary pulsar system whose precisely measured orbital decay provided the first strong indirect evidence for the existence of gravitational waves, leading to a Nobel Prize in Physics.
  • A. neutron star hypothesis
    The neutron star hypothesis is Fritz Zwicky’s pioneering proposal that supernova explosions leave behind extremely dense stellar remnants composed primarily of neutrons, now known as neutron stars.
  • B. Gravity Probe B experiment
    Gravity Probe B experiment was a NASA-led satellite mission designed to precisely measure how Earth's gravity warps space and time, providing a high-accuracy test of key predictions of Einstein's general relativity.
  • C. Cocconi
    Cocconi is an Italian surname most notably associated with physicist Giuseppe Cocconi, a pioneer in particle physics and early SETI research.
  • D. Tolman surface brightness test
    The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
  • E. Ives–Stilwell experiment
    The Ives–Stilwell experiment is a classic test of special relativity that measured the relativistic Doppler effect to confirm time dilation for fast-moving ions.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69ab49dee84c819096b50a0049c347ac completed March 6, 2026, 9:40 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abd10a35f88190b102a2cb5c88146e completed March 7, 2026, 7:17 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69aef0cff4248190832f75ce36a357e2 completed March 9, 2026, 4:09 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69aef186935c81909301659a96e1a4e2 completed March 9, 2026, 4:12 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69aef8272668819084626e890a49e1b3 completed March 9, 2026, 4:41 p.m.
Created at: March 6, 2026, 9:44 p.m.