Triple

T23384302
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject United States–Switzerland relations E593833 entity
Predicate hasTaxAgreement P59962 FINISHED
Object 1996 Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation between the United States and Switzerland
The 1996 Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation between the United States and Switzerland is a bilateral tax treaty that coordinates the two countries’ tax systems to prevent individuals and companies from being taxed twice on the same income and to promote cross-border investment and economic cooperation.
E1584126 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (5 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: 1996 Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation between the United States and Switzerland | Statement: [United States–Switzerland relations, hasTaxAgreement, 1996 Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation between the United States and Switzerland]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 1996 Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation between the United States and Switzerland
Context triple: [United States–Switzerland relations, hasTaxAgreement, 1996 Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation between the United States and Switzerland]
  • A. Mexico–Chile Double Taxation Agreement
    The Mexico–Chile Double Taxation Agreement is a bilateral tax treaty designed to prevent the same income from being taxed in both countries and to promote cross-border investment and economic cooperation between Mexico and Chile.
  • B. Franco–Swiss international convention
    The Franco–Swiss international convention is a bilateral agreement between France and Switzerland that regulates the shared operation and special status of the EuroAirport Basel–Mulhouse–Freiburg.
  • C. Swiss–Liechtenstein customs union
    The Swiss–Liechtenstein customs union is an economic arrangement that fully integrates Liechtenstein into Switzerland’s customs and economic area, aligning tariffs, trade policy, and border controls between the two countries.
  • D. Zürich and London Agreements
    The Zürich and London Agreements were a series of 1959 accords between Britain, Greece, and Turkey that established the framework for the independent Republic of Cyprus and ended the Cyprus Emergency.
  • E. Geneva Act of the Nice Agreement
    The Geneva Act of the Nice Agreement is a later revision of the international treaty that governs the classification of goods and services for the registration of trademarks.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: 1996 Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation between the United States and Switzerland
Triple: [United States–Switzerland relations, hasTaxAgreement, 1996 Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation between the United States and Switzerland]
Generated description
The 1996 Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation between the United States and Switzerland is a bilateral tax treaty that coordinates the two countries’ tax systems to prevent individuals and companies from being taxed twice on the same income and to promote cross-border investment and economic cooperation.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 1996 Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation between the United States and Switzerland
Target entity description: The 1996 Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation between the United States and Switzerland is a bilateral tax treaty that coordinates the two countries’ tax systems to prevent individuals and companies from being taxed twice on the same income and to promote cross-border investment and economic cooperation.
  • A. Mexico–Chile Double Taxation Agreement
    The Mexico–Chile Double Taxation Agreement is a bilateral tax treaty designed to prevent the same income from being taxed in both countries and to promote cross-border investment and economic cooperation between Mexico and Chile.
  • B. Franco–Swiss international convention
    The Franco–Swiss international convention is a bilateral agreement between France and Switzerland that regulates the shared operation and special status of the EuroAirport Basel–Mulhouse–Freiburg.
  • C. Swiss–Liechtenstein customs union
    The Swiss–Liechtenstein customs union is an economic arrangement that fully integrates Liechtenstein into Switzerland’s customs and economic area, aligning tariffs, trade policy, and border controls between the two countries.
  • D. Zürich and London Agreements
    The Zürich and London Agreements were a series of 1959 accords between Britain, Greece, and Turkey that established the framework for the independent Republic of Cyprus and ended the Cyprus Emergency.
  • E. Geneva Act of the Nice Agreement
    The Geneva Act of the Nice Agreement is a later revision of the international treaty that governs the classification of goods and services for the registration of trademarks.
  • F. None of above. chosen
PD Predicate disambiguation gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: hasTaxAgreement
Context triple: [United States–Switzerland relations, hasTaxAgreement, 1996 Convention for the Avoidance of Double Taxation between the United States and Switzerland]
  • A. hasSpecialTaxArrangements
    Indicates that an entity is subject to or benefits from non-standard or preferential tax treatment compared to the usual tax rules.
  • B. hasTaxPolicyResponsibility
    Indicates that an entity holds authority or duty for creating, managing, or overseeing tax-related policies for another entity or jurisdiction.
  • C. hasOwnTaxSystem
    Indicates that an entity maintains and administers its own distinct system of taxation, separate from other jurisdictions or authorities.
  • D. haveCrossBorderAgreements chosen
    Indicates that there exist formal agreements or arrangements between entities that operate across national or jurisdictional borders.
  • E. hasFreeTradeAgreement
    Indicates that two entities are linked by a formal free trade agreement that reduces or eliminates trade barriers between them.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (6 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e25d2754fc819085deea939bde60ab completed April 17, 2026, 4:17 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69f1a496ae34819090e86c89eef6d2dc completed April 29, 2026, 6:26 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a0c5de5fd648190becc39a9d414cd76 completed May 19, 2026, 12:56 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a0c60d3222c8190a67851d211231d9a completed May 19, 2026, 1:08 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a0c615bbce8819086cdb1993b952d9a completed May 19, 2026, 1:10 p.m.
PD Predicate disambiguation batch_69f061dde2e481908308952f9c0d3c2e completed April 28, 2026, 7:29 a.m.
Created at: April 17, 2026, 5:34 p.m.