Triple

T2329366
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Fritz Zwicky E48364 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Zwicky catalog of galaxies
The Zwicky catalog of galaxies is an influential astronomical catalog compiled by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky that systematically lists and classifies thousands of galaxies and galaxy clusters.
E255920 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Zwicky catalog of galaxies | Statement: [Fritz Zwicky, notableWork, Zwicky catalog of galaxies]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Zwicky catalog of galaxies
Context triple: [Fritz Zwicky, notableWork, Zwicky catalog of galaxies]
  • A. New General Catalogue
    The New General Catalogue is a comprehensive 19th-century astronomical catalog of deep-sky objects, including galaxies, nebulae, and star clusters, that remains widely used by astronomers today.
  • B. Carnegie Irvine Galaxy Survey
    The Carnegie Irvine Galaxy Survey is an astronomical project that provides detailed optical imaging and analysis of nearby galaxies to study their structure, formation, and evolution.
  • C. Tolman surface brightness test
    The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
  • D. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalogs
    The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalogs are comprehensive astronomical catalogs that provide precise positional and photometric data for millions of stars, widely used for research and satellite tracking.
  • E. Carnegie-Spitzer-IMACS Survey
    The Carnegie-Spitzer-IMACS Survey is an astronomical research project that combines infrared observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope with optical spectroscopy from the IMACS instrument to study the formation and evolution of galaxies across cosmic time.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Zwicky catalog of galaxies
Triple: [Fritz Zwicky, notableWork, Zwicky catalog of galaxies]
Generated description
The Zwicky catalog of galaxies is an influential astronomical catalog compiled by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky that systematically lists and classifies thousands of galaxies and galaxy clusters.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Zwicky catalog of galaxies
Target entity description: The Zwicky catalog of galaxies is an influential astronomical catalog compiled by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky that systematically lists and classifies thousands of galaxies and galaxy clusters.
  • A. New General Catalogue
    The New General Catalogue is a comprehensive 19th-century astronomical catalog of deep-sky objects, including galaxies, nebulae, and star clusters, that remains widely used by astronomers today.
  • B. Carnegie Irvine Galaxy Survey
    The Carnegie Irvine Galaxy Survey is an astronomical project that provides detailed optical imaging and analysis of nearby galaxies to study their structure, formation, and evolution.
  • C. Tolman surface brightness test
    The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
  • D. Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalogs
    The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalogs are comprehensive astronomical catalogs that provide precise positional and photometric data for millions of stars, widely used for research and satellite tracking.
  • E. Carnegie-Spitzer-IMACS Survey
    The Carnegie-Spitzer-IMACS Survey is an astronomical research project that combines infrared observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope with optical spectroscopy from the IMACS instrument to study the formation and evolution of galaxies across cosmic time.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a88aa308a88190b0b86c011fda7fce completed March 4, 2026, 7:40 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abc667235c819086140af9db961203 completed March 7, 2026, 6:32 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ae8974ab8c81908ec2bddcc882cf42 completed March 9, 2026, 8:48 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ae8a084b388190a6d79df8d94b236d completed March 9, 2026, 8:51 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ae8a895b6c8190bfd064742e3cc4f8 completed March 9, 2026, 8:53 a.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:50 p.m.