Triple
T2329366
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Fritz Zwicky |
E48364
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Zwicky catalog of galaxies
The Zwicky catalog of galaxies is an influential astronomical catalog compiled by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky that systematically lists and classifies thousands of galaxies and galaxy clusters.
|
E255920
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Zwicky catalog of galaxies | Statement: [Fritz Zwicky, notableWork, Zwicky catalog of galaxies]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Zwicky catalog of galaxies Context triple: [Fritz Zwicky, notableWork, Zwicky catalog of galaxies]
-
A.
New General Catalogue
The New General Catalogue is a comprehensive 19th-century astronomical catalog of deep-sky objects, including galaxies, nebulae, and star clusters, that remains widely used by astronomers today.
-
B.
Carnegie Irvine Galaxy Survey
The Carnegie Irvine Galaxy Survey is an astronomical project that provides detailed optical imaging and analysis of nearby galaxies to study their structure, formation, and evolution.
-
C.
Tolman surface brightness test
The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
-
D.
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalogs
The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalogs are comprehensive astronomical catalogs that provide precise positional and photometric data for millions of stars, widely used for research and satellite tracking.
-
E.
Carnegie-Spitzer-IMACS Survey
The Carnegie-Spitzer-IMACS Survey is an astronomical research project that combines infrared observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope with optical spectroscopy from the IMACS instrument to study the formation and evolution of galaxies across cosmic time.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Zwicky catalog of galaxies Triple: [Fritz Zwicky, notableWork, Zwicky catalog of galaxies]
Generated description
The Zwicky catalog of galaxies is an influential astronomical catalog compiled by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky that systematically lists and classifies thousands of galaxies and galaxy clusters.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Zwicky catalog of galaxies Target entity description: The Zwicky catalog of galaxies is an influential astronomical catalog compiled by Swiss astronomer Fritz Zwicky that systematically lists and classifies thousands of galaxies and galaxy clusters.
-
A.
New General Catalogue
The New General Catalogue is a comprehensive 19th-century astronomical catalog of deep-sky objects, including galaxies, nebulae, and star clusters, that remains widely used by astronomers today.
-
B.
Carnegie Irvine Galaxy Survey
The Carnegie Irvine Galaxy Survey is an astronomical project that provides detailed optical imaging and analysis of nearby galaxies to study their structure, formation, and evolution.
-
C.
Tolman surface brightness test
The Tolman surface brightness test is an observational cosmology method that checks whether the universe is expanding by examining how the surface brightness of distant galaxies diminishes with redshift.
-
D.
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalogs
The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalogs are comprehensive astronomical catalogs that provide precise positional and photometric data for millions of stars, widely used for research and satellite tracking.
-
E.
Carnegie-Spitzer-IMACS Survey
The Carnegie-Spitzer-IMACS Survey is an astronomical research project that combines infrared observations from the Spitzer Space Telescope with optical spectroscopy from the IMACS instrument to study the formation and evolution of galaxies across cosmic time.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a88aa308a88190b0b86c011fda7fce |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:40 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abc667235c819086140af9db961203 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 6:32 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ae8974ab8c81908ec2bddcc882cf42 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 8:48 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ae8a084b388190a6d79df8d94b236d |
completed | March 9, 2026, 8:51 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ae8a895b6c8190bfd064742e3cc4f8 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 8:53 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:50 p.m.