Triple
T228923
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Carl Friedrich Gauss |
E4368
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
method of least squares
The method of least squares is a fundamental mathematical technique for estimating unknown parameters by minimizing the sum of squared differences between observed and predicted values, widely used in statistics, data fitting, and regression analysis.
|
E29364
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: method of least squares | Statement: [Carl Friedrich Gauss, notableWork, method of least squares]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: method of least squares Context triple: [Carl Friedrich Gauss, notableWork, method of least squares]
-
A.
Aitken
Aitken is a Scottish-origin surname notably borne by Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook, a prominent Canadian-British newspaper magnate and politician.
-
B.
Snell’s law of refraction
Snell’s law of refraction is a fundamental principle in optics that relates the angles of incidence and refraction to the refractive indices of two media, governing how light bends when passing between them.
-
C.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
D.
Feynman–Hellmann theorem
The Feynman–Hellmann theorem is a result in quantum mechanics that relates the derivative of an energy eigenvalue with respect to a parameter in the Hamiltonian to the expectation value of the corresponding derivative of the Hamiltonian.
-
E.
binomial theorem
The binomial theorem is a fundamental algebraic formula that provides a systematic way to expand powers of binomial expressions, playing a key role in combinatorics and mathematical analysis.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: method of least squares Triple: [Carl Friedrich Gauss, notableWork, method of least squares]
Generated description
The method of least squares is a fundamental mathematical technique for estimating unknown parameters by minimizing the sum of squared differences between observed and predicted values, widely used in statistics, data fitting, and regression analysis.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: method of least squares Target entity description: The method of least squares is a fundamental mathematical technique for estimating unknown parameters by minimizing the sum of squared differences between observed and predicted values, widely used in statistics, data fitting, and regression analysis.
-
A.
Aitken
Aitken is a Scottish-origin surname notably borne by Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook, a prominent Canadian-British newspaper magnate and politician.
-
B.
Snell’s law of refraction
Snell’s law of refraction is a fundamental principle in optics that relates the angles of incidence and refraction to the refractive indices of two media, governing how light bends when passing between them.
-
C.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
D.
Feynman–Hellmann theorem
The Feynman–Hellmann theorem is a result in quantum mechanics that relates the derivative of an energy eigenvalue with respect to a parameter in the Hamiltonian to the expectation value of the corresponding derivative of the Hamiltonian.
-
E.
binomial theorem
The binomial theorem is a fundamental algebraic formula that provides a systematic way to expand powers of binomial expressions, playing a key role in combinatorics and mathematical analysis.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a257363ffc81909757bde7ab3404da |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 2:47 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a25c9140c48190b90647400854b37e |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 3:10 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69a35b66359481908daf0412badd76bc |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 9:17 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69a35d280c8c81909dd05d5c45ffe616 |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 9:24 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69a35dc9ad808190a93a4a4c062ce69c |
completed | Feb. 28, 2026, 9:27 p.m. |
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 2:53 a.m.