Triple

T228923
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Carl Friedrich Gauss E4368 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object method of least squares
The method of least squares is a fundamental mathematical technique for estimating unknown parameters by minimizing the sum of squared differences between observed and predicted values, widely used in statistics, data fitting, and regression analysis.
E29364 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: method of least squares | Statement: [Carl Friedrich Gauss, notableWork, method of least squares]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: method of least squares
Context triple: [Carl Friedrich Gauss, notableWork, method of least squares]
  • A. Aitken
    Aitken is a Scottish-origin surname notably borne by Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook, a prominent Canadian-British newspaper magnate and politician.
  • B. Snell’s law of refraction
    Snell’s law of refraction is a fundamental principle in optics that relates the angles of incidence and refraction to the refractive indices of two media, governing how light bends when passing between them.
  • C. Herzberg–Teller approximation
    The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
  • D. Feynman–Hellmann theorem
    The Feynman–Hellmann theorem is a result in quantum mechanics that relates the derivative of an energy eigenvalue with respect to a parameter in the Hamiltonian to the expectation value of the corresponding derivative of the Hamiltonian.
  • E. binomial theorem
    The binomial theorem is a fundamental algebraic formula that provides a systematic way to expand powers of binomial expressions, playing a key role in combinatorics and mathematical analysis.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: method of least squares
Triple: [Carl Friedrich Gauss, notableWork, method of least squares]
Generated description
The method of least squares is a fundamental mathematical technique for estimating unknown parameters by minimizing the sum of squared differences between observed and predicted values, widely used in statistics, data fitting, and regression analysis.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: method of least squares
Target entity description: The method of least squares is a fundamental mathematical technique for estimating unknown parameters by minimizing the sum of squared differences between observed and predicted values, widely used in statistics, data fitting, and regression analysis.
  • A. Aitken
    Aitken is a Scottish-origin surname notably borne by Max Aitken, 1st Baron Beaverbrook, a prominent Canadian-British newspaper magnate and politician.
  • B. Snell’s law of refraction
    Snell’s law of refraction is a fundamental principle in optics that relates the angles of incidence and refraction to the refractive indices of two media, governing how light bends when passing between them.
  • C. Herzberg–Teller approximation
    The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
  • D. Feynman–Hellmann theorem
    The Feynman–Hellmann theorem is a result in quantum mechanics that relates the derivative of an energy eigenvalue with respect to a parameter in the Hamiltonian to the expectation value of the corresponding derivative of the Hamiltonian.
  • E. binomial theorem
    The binomial theorem is a fundamental algebraic formula that provides a systematic way to expand powers of binomial expressions, playing a key role in combinatorics and mathematical analysis.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a257363ffc81909757bde7ab3404da completed Feb. 28, 2026, 2:47 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a25c9140c48190b90647400854b37e completed Feb. 28, 2026, 3:10 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a35b66359481908daf0412badd76bc completed Feb. 28, 2026, 9:17 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a35d280c8c81909dd05d5c45ffe616 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 9:24 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a35dc9ad808190a93a4a4c062ce69c completed Feb. 28, 2026, 9:27 p.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 2:53 a.m.