Triple
T21993964
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Jeffrey Ullman |
E543155
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Foundations of Databases
Foundations of Databases is a comprehensive textbook that rigorously covers the theoretical foundations of database systems, including relational models, logic, and query languages.
|
E1512571
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Foundations of Databases | Statement: [Jeffrey Ullman, notableWork, Foundations of Databases]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Foundations of Databases Context triple: [Jeffrey Ullman, notableWork, Foundations of Databases]
-
A.
Principles of Database Systems
Principles of Database Systems is a foundational textbook in computer science that systematically introduces the theory and design of database management systems.
-
B.
Database Systems: The Complete Book
Database Systems: The Complete Book is a comprehensive textbook that covers fundamental and advanced concepts in database design, implementation, and theory, widely used in computer science education.
-
C.
Database System Concepts
Database System Concepts is a widely used foundational textbook in computer science that introduces the principles, design, and implementation of modern database systems.
-
D.
Database Management Systems
"Database Management Systems" is a widely used textbook that provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles, design, and implementation of modern database systems.
-
E.
Database System Implementation
Database System Implementation is a comprehensive textbook that explains the principles, architecture, and practical techniques used to design and build modern database management systems.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Foundations of Databases Triple: [Jeffrey Ullman, notableWork, Foundations of Databases]
Generated description
Foundations of Databases is a comprehensive textbook that rigorously covers the theoretical foundations of database systems, including relational models, logic, and query languages.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Foundations of Databases Target entity description: Foundations of Databases is a comprehensive textbook that rigorously covers the theoretical foundations of database systems, including relational models, logic, and query languages.
-
A.
Principles of Database Systems
Principles of Database Systems is a foundational textbook in computer science that systematically introduces the theory and design of database management systems.
-
B.
Database Systems: The Complete Book
Database Systems: The Complete Book is a comprehensive textbook that covers fundamental and advanced concepts in database design, implementation, and theory, widely used in computer science education.
-
C.
Database System Concepts
Database System Concepts is a widely used foundational textbook in computer science that introduces the principles, design, and implementation of modern database systems.
-
D.
Database Management Systems
"Database Management Systems" is a widely used textbook that provides a comprehensive introduction to the principles, design, and implementation of modern database systems.
-
E.
Database System Implementation
Database System Implementation is a comprehensive textbook that explains the principles, architecture, and practical techniques used to design and build modern database management systems.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69e11e2c814c8190837d072789000486 |
completed | April 16, 2026, 5:36 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69f127639bf48190800b3fa3c1527983 |
completed | April 28, 2026, 9:32 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_6a0a6d85f104819088dba8d0bf347fbe |
completed | May 18, 2026, 1:38 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_6a0a6e556f3c8190927d1c0cba23463c |
completed | May 18, 2026, 1:41 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_6a0a6f3de2e88190824c9cc266c7ee8c |
completed | May 18, 2026, 1:45 a.m. |
Created at: April 16, 2026, 8:17 p.m.