Triple
T2182478
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | James Q. Wilson |
E49075
|
entity |
| Predicate | coAuthorWith |
P398
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
George L. Kelling
George L. Kelling was an American criminologist best known for co-developing the "broken windows" theory of policing and urban disorder.
|
E243238
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: George L. Kelling | Statement: [James Q. Wilson, coAuthorWith, George L. Kelling]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: George L. Kelling Context triple: [James Q. Wilson, coAuthorWith, George L. Kelling]
-
A.
James P. Gordon
James P. Gordon was an American physicist and pioneer in quantum electronics and laser science, known for his foundational work on the maser and optical communications.
-
B.
James Q. Wilson
James Q. Wilson was a prominent American political scientist best known for his work on crime, policing, and public policy, including the influential "broken windows" theory.
-
C.
James A. Abrahamson
James A. Abrahamson is a retired U.S. Air Force lieutenant general and aerospace engineer best known for directing NASA’s Space Shuttle program and leading the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization in the 1980s.
-
D.
Donald Klopfer
Donald Klopfer was an American publisher best known as the co-founder of the influential publishing house Random House.
-
E.
Charles F. Roos
Charles F. Roos was an American economist and mathematician known for his pioneering work in econometrics and contributions to the formalization of economic theory.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: George L. Kelling Triple: [James Q. Wilson, coAuthorWith, George L. Kelling]
Generated description
George L. Kelling was an American criminologist best known for co-developing the "broken windows" theory of policing and urban disorder.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: George L. Kelling Target entity description: George L. Kelling was an American criminologist best known for co-developing the "broken windows" theory of policing and urban disorder.
-
A.
James P. Gordon
James P. Gordon was an American physicist and pioneer in quantum electronics and laser science, known for his foundational work on the maser and optical communications.
-
B.
James Q. Wilson
James Q. Wilson was a prominent American political scientist best known for his work on crime, policing, and public policy, including the influential "broken windows" theory.
-
C.
James A. Abrahamson
James A. Abrahamson is a retired U.S. Air Force lieutenant general and aerospace engineer best known for directing NASA’s Space Shuttle program and leading the Strategic Defense Initiative Organization in the 1980s.
-
D.
Donald Klopfer
Donald Klopfer was an American publisher best known as the co-founder of the influential publishing house Random House.
-
E.
Charles F. Roos
Charles F. Roos was an American economist and mathematician known for his pioneering work in econometrics and contributions to the formalization of economic theory.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a88aa72d348190a9544bb5b8a4e71d |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:40 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abbf0d551881909d7f907378e1b2b7 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 6 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ae5da786e48190896cae8fdcee3d83 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 5:41 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ae5e30a69c8190a3f77e784401f671 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 5:44 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ae5ea7909c8190a93d87a5d07b84d4 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 5:46 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:45 p.m.