Triple
T2139676
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Tobias Nipkow |
E46732
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Types and Programming Languages (research contributions)
Types and Programming Languages (research contributions) refers to Tobias Nipkow’s influential work advancing the theory and mechanization of type systems and programming language semantics, particularly through formal verification and theorem proving.
|
E238247
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Types and Programming Languages (research contributions) | Statement: [Tobias Nipkow, notableWork, Types and Programming Languages (research contributions)]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Types and Programming Languages (research contributions) Context triple: [Tobias Nipkow, notableWork, Types and Programming Languages (research contributions)]
-
A.
PLDI
PLDI (Programming Language Design and Implementation) is a premier annual research conference focused on the design, implementation, and analysis of programming languages and compilers.
-
B.
PLDI Student Research Competition
The PLDI Student Research Competition is an annual forum where undergraduate and graduate students present and discuss their research in programming languages and related areas, typically co-located with the PLDI conference.
-
C.
Hindley–Milner type system
The Hindley–Milner type system is a classical polymorphic type system used in many functional programming languages, notable for enabling type inference without explicit type annotations.
-
D.
Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools
Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools is a foundational computer science textbook that systematically covers the theory and practice of compiler design and implementation.
-
E.
POPL conference proceedings
POPL conference proceedings are the collected scholarly papers presented at the ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, a leading venue for research in programming languages and formal methods.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Types and Programming Languages (research contributions) Triple: [Tobias Nipkow, notableWork, Types and Programming Languages (research contributions)]
Generated description
Types and Programming Languages (research contributions) refers to Tobias Nipkow’s influential work advancing the theory and mechanization of type systems and programming language semantics, particularly through formal verification and theorem proving.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Types and Programming Languages (research contributions) Target entity description: Types and Programming Languages (research contributions) refers to Tobias Nipkow’s influential work advancing the theory and mechanization of type systems and programming language semantics, particularly through formal verification and theorem proving.
-
A.
PLDI
PLDI (Programming Language Design and Implementation) is a premier annual research conference focused on the design, implementation, and analysis of programming languages and compilers.
-
B.
PLDI Student Research Competition
The PLDI Student Research Competition is an annual forum where undergraduate and graduate students present and discuss their research in programming languages and related areas, typically co-located with the PLDI conference.
-
C.
Hindley–Milner type system
The Hindley–Milner type system is a classical polymorphic type system used in many functional programming languages, notable for enabling type inference without explicit type annotations.
-
D.
Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools
Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools is a foundational computer science textbook that systematically covers the theory and practice of compiler design and implementation.
-
E.
POPL conference proceedings
POPL conference proceedings are the collected scholarly papers presented at the ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, a leading venue for research in programming languages and formal methods.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a88a174ab48190a5db20c132e5dccf |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:37 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abbe025d3c81908bcb33a7ff09eae8 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 5:56 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ae51b1290c8190a08850b428c99a6c |
completed | March 9, 2026, 4:50 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ae55923b748190bf7a2df3ae94edc8 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 5:07 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ae55fdc32c8190b6ecdc9b23d64cc5 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 5:09 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:44 p.m.