Triple
T2104976
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Toshihide Maskawa |
E37171
|
entity |
| Predicate | hasWork |
P6260
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973)
The Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973) is a landmark theoretical work that extended the quark model to three generations, providing the mechanism for CP violation in the Standard Model and later underpinning the Nobel Prize in Physics for its authors.
|
E234499
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973) | Statement: [Toshihide Maskawa, hasWork, Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973)]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973) Context triple: [Toshihide Maskawa, hasWork, Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973)]
-
A.
Fermi theory of beta decay
The Fermi theory of beta decay is Enrico Fermi’s pioneering quantum field theory model that explains beta decay as a weak interaction process mediated by a four-fermion contact interaction, laying the groundwork for modern weak interaction theory.
-
B.
Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts the mass patterns of hadrons within SU(3) flavor symmetry multiplets, providing quantitative support for the quark model and the Eightfold Way classification.
-
C.
Salam–Weinberg model
The Salam–Weinberg model is the electroweak theory that unifies the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces within the Standard Model of particle physics.
-
D.
Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
-
E.
Toshihide Maskawa
Toshihide Maskawa was a Japanese theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for co-formulating the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrix, which explains CP violation in the Standard Model of particle physics.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973) Triple: [Toshihide Maskawa, hasWork, Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973)]
Generated description
The Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973) is a landmark theoretical work that extended the quark model to three generations, providing the mechanism for CP violation in the Standard Model and later underpinning the Nobel Prize in Physics for its authors.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973) Target entity description: The Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973) is a landmark theoretical work that extended the quark model to three generations, providing the mechanism for CP violation in the Standard Model and later underpinning the Nobel Prize in Physics for its authors.
-
A.
Fermi theory of beta decay
The Fermi theory of beta decay is Enrico Fermi’s pioneering quantum field theory model that explains beta decay as a weak interaction process mediated by a four-fermion contact interaction, laying the groundwork for modern weak interaction theory.
-
B.
Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts the mass patterns of hadrons within SU(3) flavor symmetry multiplets, providing quantitative support for the quark model and the Eightfold Way classification.
-
C.
Salam–Weinberg model
The Salam–Weinberg model is the electroweak theory that unifies the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces within the Standard Model of particle physics.
-
D.
Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
-
E.
Toshihide Maskawa
Toshihide Maskawa was a Japanese theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for co-formulating the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrix, which explains CP violation in the Standard Model of particle physics.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a8861828948190924aa30c08806b3a |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69abbadcd4a081909d60b9b241950335 |
completed | March 7, 2026, 5:42 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ae3069f78c819092a6d9d903e4df13 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 2:28 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ae311eec148190af10e88fb4d7c433 |
completed | March 9, 2026, 2:31 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ae3199909881909ffca021098c98ea |
completed | March 9, 2026, 2:34 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:43 p.m.