Triple

T2104976
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Toshihide Maskawa E37171 entity
Predicate hasWork P6260 FINISHED
Object Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973)
The Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973) is a landmark theoretical work that extended the quark model to three generations, providing the mechanism for CP violation in the Standard Model and later underpinning the Nobel Prize in Physics for its authors.
E234499 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973) | Statement: [Toshihide Maskawa, hasWork, Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973)]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973)
Context triple: [Toshihide Maskawa, hasWork, Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973)]
  • A. Fermi theory of beta decay
    The Fermi theory of beta decay is Enrico Fermi’s pioneering quantum field theory model that explains beta decay as a weak interaction process mediated by a four-fermion contact interaction, laying the groundwork for modern weak interaction theory.
  • B. Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
    The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts the mass patterns of hadrons within SU(3) flavor symmetry multiplets, providing quantitative support for the quark model and the Eightfold Way classification.
  • C. Salam–Weinberg model
    The Salam–Weinberg model is the electroweak theory that unifies the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces within the Standard Model of particle physics.
  • D. Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
    The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
  • E. Toshihide Maskawa
    Toshihide Maskawa was a Japanese theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for co-formulating the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrix, which explains CP violation in the Standard Model of particle physics.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973)
Triple: [Toshihide Maskawa, hasWork, Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973)]
Generated description
The Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973) is a landmark theoretical work that extended the quark model to three generations, providing the mechanism for CP violation in the Standard Model and later underpinning the Nobel Prize in Physics for its authors.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973)
Target entity description: The Kobayashi–Maskawa paper on CP violation (1973) is a landmark theoretical work that extended the quark model to three generations, providing the mechanism for CP violation in the Standard Model and later underpinning the Nobel Prize in Physics for its authors.
  • A. Fermi theory of beta decay
    The Fermi theory of beta decay is Enrico Fermi’s pioneering quantum field theory model that explains beta decay as a weak interaction process mediated by a four-fermion contact interaction, laying the groundwork for modern weak interaction theory.
  • B. Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula
    The Gell-Mann–Okubo mass formula is a relation in particle physics that predicts the mass patterns of hadrons within SU(3) flavor symmetry multiplets, providing quantitative support for the quark model and the Eightfold Way classification.
  • C. Salam–Weinberg model
    The Salam–Weinberg model is the electroweak theory that unifies the electromagnetic and weak nuclear forces within the Standard Model of particle physics.
  • D. Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula
    The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is a key relation in particle physics that connects a particle’s electric charge to its isospin and hypercharge, helping classify hadrons within the quark model.
  • E. Toshihide Maskawa
    Toshihide Maskawa was a Japanese theoretical physicist and Nobel laureate renowned for co-formulating the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa (CKM) matrix, which explains CP violation in the Standard Model of particle physics.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a8861828948190924aa30c08806b3a completed March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abbadcd4a081909d60b9b241950335 completed March 7, 2026, 5:42 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ae3069f78c819092a6d9d903e4df13 completed March 9, 2026, 2:28 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ae311eec148190af10e88fb4d7c433 completed March 9, 2026, 2:31 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ae3199909881909ffca021098c98ea completed March 9, 2026, 2:34 a.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:43 p.m.