Triple
T21048827
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | ADM formalism |
E518520
|
entity |
| Predicate | namedAfter |
P63
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Richard Arnowitt
Richard Arnowitt was an American theoretical physicist best known for his contributions to general relativity and high-energy physics, including co-developing the influential ADM formalism.
|
E1463389
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Richard Arnowitt | Statement: [ADM formalism, namedAfter, Richard Arnowitt]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Richard Arnowitt Context triple: [ADM formalism, namedAfter, Richard Arnowitt]
-
A.
Werner Israel
Werner Israel was a Canadian physicist renowned for his pioneering work in general relativity and black hole physics, particularly in establishing key black hole uniqueness results.
-
B.
Dennis Sciama
Dennis Sciama was a prominent British theoretical physicist and cosmologist who played a key role in developing modern cosmology and mentoring a generation of leading physicists.
-
C.
Howard P. Robertson
Howard P. Robertson was an American mathematician and physicist known for his foundational contributions to relativistic cosmology and the formulation of the Robertson–Walker metric used in modern cosmological models.
-
D.
Wolfgang Rindler
Wolfgang Rindler was an Austrian-born theoretical physicist best known for his influential work on general relativity, cosmology, and the foundations and pedagogy of spacetime physics.
-
E.
Bruce Malament
Bruce Malament is an American mathematician and philosopher of science known for his influential work on the foundations of relativity theory and the philosophy of space and time.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Richard Arnowitt Triple: [ADM formalism, namedAfter, Richard Arnowitt]
Generated description
Richard Arnowitt was an American theoretical physicist best known for his contributions to general relativity and high-energy physics, including co-developing the influential ADM formalism.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Richard Arnowitt Target entity description: Richard Arnowitt was an American theoretical physicist best known for his contributions to general relativity and high-energy physics, including co-developing the influential ADM formalism.
-
A.
Werner Israel
Werner Israel was a Canadian physicist renowned for his pioneering work in general relativity and black hole physics, particularly in establishing key black hole uniqueness results.
-
B.
Dennis Sciama
Dennis Sciama was a prominent British theoretical physicist and cosmologist who played a key role in developing modern cosmology and mentoring a generation of leading physicists.
-
C.
Howard P. Robertson
Howard P. Robertson was an American mathematician and physicist known for his foundational contributions to relativistic cosmology and the formulation of the Robertson–Walker metric used in modern cosmological models.
-
D.
Wolfgang Rindler
Wolfgang Rindler was an Austrian-born theoretical physicist best known for his influential work on general relativity, cosmology, and the foundations and pedagogy of spacetime physics.
-
E.
Bruce Malament
Bruce Malament is an American mathematician and philosopher of science known for his influential work on the foundations of relativity theory and the philosophy of space and time.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69e0b50438e08190917e2538bb8bc034 |
completed | April 16, 2026, 10:08 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e6fd79830881909fdac2f0ea48d28c |
completed | April 21, 2026, 4:30 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_6a094757ab048190bff4b06454ebc761 |
completed | May 17, 2026, 4:43 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_6a0948f708d881908ccc7e77e81b15e1 |
completed | May 17, 2026, 4:49 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_6a0949c24c408190ad7a82b734a78544 |
completed | May 17, 2026, 4:53 a.m. |
Created at: April 16, 2026, 2:34 p.m.