Triple

T20983604
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Cincinnati Observatory E516831 entity
Predicate hasTelescope P35 FINISHED
Object 11-inch Merz und Mahler refracting telescope
The 11-inch Merz und Mahler refracting telescope is a historic 19th-century German-built refractor renowned for its precision optics and use in early American astronomical research.
E1461051 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: 11-inch Merz und Mahler refracting telescope | Statement: [Cincinnati Observatory, hasTelescope, 11-inch Merz und Mahler refracting telescope]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 11-inch Merz und Mahler refracting telescope
Context triple: [Cincinnati Observatory, hasTelescope, 11-inch Merz und Mahler refracting telescope]
  • A. 11-inch Clark refractor
    The 11-inch Clark refractor is a historic, high-quality refracting telescope built by Alvan Clark & Sons, notable for its role in pioneering astrophotographic and spectroscopic observations in the late 19th century.
  • B. 1 m Schmidt telescope
    The 1 m Schmidt telescope is a wide-field reflecting telescope at Byurakan Observatory used primarily for astronomical surveys and imaging of large sky areas.
  • C. Lick 36-inch refracting telescope
    The Lick 36-inch refracting telescope is a historic large-aperture refractor renowned for its pioneering late-19th-century astronomical observations and status as one of the world’s largest refracting telescopes.
  • D. Mark II Telescope
    The Mark II Telescope is a large radio telescope at the Jodrell Bank Observatory in England, used for astronomical research and observations of radio emissions from space.
  • E. 18.5-inch Dearborn refractor objective
    The 18.5-inch Dearborn refractor objective is a historically significant large-aperture telescope lens crafted by renowned 19th-century American optician Alvan Clark for the Dearborn Observatory.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: 11-inch Merz und Mahler refracting telescope
Triple: [Cincinnati Observatory, hasTelescope, 11-inch Merz und Mahler refracting telescope]
Generated description
The 11-inch Merz und Mahler refracting telescope is a historic 19th-century German-built refractor renowned for its precision optics and use in early American astronomical research.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: 11-inch Merz und Mahler refracting telescope
Target entity description: The 11-inch Merz und Mahler refracting telescope is a historic 19th-century German-built refractor renowned for its precision optics and use in early American astronomical research.
  • A. 11-inch Clark refractor
    The 11-inch Clark refractor is a historic, high-quality refracting telescope built by Alvan Clark & Sons, notable for its role in pioneering astrophotographic and spectroscopic observations in the late 19th century.
  • B. 1 m Schmidt telescope
    The 1 m Schmidt telescope is a wide-field reflecting telescope at Byurakan Observatory used primarily for astronomical surveys and imaging of large sky areas.
  • C. Lick 36-inch refracting telescope
    The Lick 36-inch refracting telescope is a historic large-aperture refractor renowned for its pioneering late-19th-century astronomical observations and status as one of the world’s largest refracting telescopes.
  • D. Mark II Telescope
    The Mark II Telescope is a large radio telescope at the Jodrell Bank Observatory in England, used for astronomical research and observations of radio emissions from space.
  • E. 18.5-inch Dearborn refractor objective
    The 18.5-inch Dearborn refractor objective is a historically significant large-aperture telescope lens crafted by renowned 19th-century American optician Alvan Clark for the Dearborn Observatory.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e0b4ffac148190bbade9f0eceb660b completed April 16, 2026, 10:07 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e6fbe1474c8190912b90da0973f99f completed April 21, 2026, 4:24 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a092fc54dd88190b96b644092778cb1 completed May 17, 2026, 3:02 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a09317be0088190b72bcfbf6e5962d1 completed May 17, 2026, 3:09 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a093222759481908f57d0f62b919578 completed May 17, 2026, 3:12 a.m.
Created at: April 16, 2026, 1:48 p.m.