Triple

T20836731
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Saharon Shelah E512976 entity
Predicate hasPublication P80 FINISHED
Object Cardinal Arithmetic
Cardinal Arithmetic is a foundational work in set theory by Saharon Shelah that develops a deep and influential theory of the behavior and structure of infinite cardinal numbers.
E1452105 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Cardinal Arithmetic | Statement: [Saharon Shelah, hasPublication, Cardinal Arithmetic]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cardinal Arithmetic
Context triple: [Saharon Shelah, hasPublication, Cardinal Arithmetic]
  • A. Cardinal Invariants on Boolean Algebras
    "Cardinal Invariants on Boolean Algebras" is a research monograph by set theorist J. Donald Monk that systematically studies cardinal characteristics associated with Boolean algebras and their connections to set theory and logic.
  • B. Woodin cardinal
    A Woodin cardinal is a large cardinal in set theory with strong consistency and determinacy properties, central to modern research on the foundations of mathematics and descriptive set theory.
  • C. Cantor’s theorem
    Cantor’s theorem is a fundamental result in set theory stating that the power set of any set has a strictly greater cardinality than the set itself, implying there is no largest infinity.
  • D. Boolean-valued models of set theory
    Boolean-valued models of set theory are generalized models in which each statement is assigned a truth value from a complete Boolean algebra, providing a powerful framework for analyzing independence results and constructing alternative set-theoretic universes.
  • E. Aleph (mathematics)
    Aleph (mathematics) denotes the infinite cardinal numbers used in set theory to measure and compare the sizes of infinite sets.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Cardinal Arithmetic
Triple: [Saharon Shelah, hasPublication, Cardinal Arithmetic]
Generated description
Cardinal Arithmetic is a foundational work in set theory by Saharon Shelah that develops a deep and influential theory of the behavior and structure of infinite cardinal numbers.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Cardinal Arithmetic
Target entity description: Cardinal Arithmetic is a foundational work in set theory by Saharon Shelah that develops a deep and influential theory of the behavior and structure of infinite cardinal numbers.
  • A. Cardinal Invariants on Boolean Algebras
    "Cardinal Invariants on Boolean Algebras" is a research monograph by set theorist J. Donald Monk that systematically studies cardinal characteristics associated with Boolean algebras and their connections to set theory and logic.
  • B. Woodin cardinal
    A Woodin cardinal is a large cardinal in set theory with strong consistency and determinacy properties, central to modern research on the foundations of mathematics and descriptive set theory.
  • C. Cantor’s theorem
    Cantor’s theorem is a fundamental result in set theory stating that the power set of any set has a strictly greater cardinality than the set itself, implying there is no largest infinity.
  • D. Shelah’s singular cardinal theory chosen
    Shelah’s singular cardinal theory is a major area of set theory developed by Saharon Shelah that investigates the behavior and arithmetic of singular cardinals, leading to deep results about cardinal exponentiation and the structure of the set-theoretic universe.
  • E. Boolean-valued models of set theory
    Boolean-valued models of set theory are generalized models in which each statement is assigned a truth value from a complete Boolean algebra, providing a powerful framework for analyzing independence results and constructing alternative set-theoretic universes.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69e0b4cf62a88190bbf92351e9e57259 completed April 16, 2026, 10:07 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e6c326daec8190bd4caa41a4b38833 completed April 21, 2026, 12:21 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a0900868558819099cf2668970a7f2c completed May 16, 2026, 11:40 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a0901a0dac081909f9184e99a70419a completed May 16, 2026, 11:45 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a09023cf27081908eb246367215ae12 completed May 16, 2026, 11:48 p.m.
Created at: April 16, 2026, 12:42 p.m.