Triple

T204747
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States E4586 entity
Predicate holding P2237 FINISHED
Object Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a valid exercise of Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause
This entity is the Supreme Court’s constitutional holding in Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States that upheld the federal prohibition of racial discrimination in public accommodations as a legitimate use of Congress’s Commerce Clause authority.
E26046 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a valid exercise of Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause | Statement: [Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, holding, Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a valid exercise of Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a valid exercise of Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause
Context triple: [Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, holding, Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a valid exercise of Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause]
  • A. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
    Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark U.S. federal law that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
  • B. Necessary and Proper Clause
    The Necessary and Proper Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the authority to enact laws needed to execute its enumerated powers, forming the basis for implied federal powers.
  • C. General Welfare Clause doctrine
    The General Welfare Clause doctrine is a constitutional interpretation that grants Congress broad authority to tax and spend in pursuit of national objectives deemed to promote the general welfare of the United States.
  • D. Civil Rights Act of 1964
    The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark U.S. federal law that outlawed segregation and major forms of discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, fundamentally reshaping American civil rights protections.
  • E. Privileges and Immunities Clause
    The Privileges and Immunities Clause is a constitutional provision that prevents states from discriminating against citizens of other states in fundamental rights such as access to courts, property, and employment.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a valid exercise of Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause
Triple: [Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States, holding, Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a valid exercise of Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause]
Generated description
This entity is the Supreme Court’s constitutional holding in Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States that upheld the federal prohibition of racial discrimination in public accommodations as a legitimate use of Congress’s Commerce Clause authority.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a valid exercise of Congress’s power under the Commerce Clause
Target entity description: This entity is the Supreme Court’s constitutional holding in Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States that upheld the federal prohibition of racial discrimination in public accommodations as a legitimate use of Congress’s Commerce Clause authority.
  • A. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
    Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark U.S. federal law that prohibits employment discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
  • B. Necessary and Proper Clause
    The Necessary and Proper Clause is a provision in the U.S. Constitution that grants Congress the authority to enact laws needed to execute its enumerated powers, forming the basis for implied federal powers.
  • C. General Welfare Clause doctrine
    The General Welfare Clause doctrine is a constitutional interpretation that grants Congress broad authority to tax and spend in pursuit of national objectives deemed to promote the general welfare of the United States.
  • D. Civil Rights Act of 1964
    The Civil Rights Act of 1964 is a landmark U.S. federal law that outlawed segregation and major forms of discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin, fundamentally reshaping American civil rights protections.
  • E. Privileges and Immunities Clause
    The Privileges and Immunities Clause is a constitutional provision that prevents states from discriminating against citizens of other states in fundamental rights such as access to courts, property, and employment.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a25737567c81908f9c505300239181 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 2:47 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a25be898ec8190b5e752a1d3b6f466 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 3:07 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a328150c008190a01abaf26bdaab84 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 5:38 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a328d5ace8819095df251af6a964b8 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 5:41 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a3293e606881909cec2888093ec079 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 5:43 p.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 2:51 a.m.