Triple

T1899776
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Córdoba (historical) E37664 entity
Predicate notableRulerAssociated P8531 FINISHED
Object Abd al-Rahman I
Abd al-Rahman I was the founder of the independent Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba in al-Andalus, establishing a powerful Islamic state in Iberia in the 8th century.
E213466 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Abd al-Rahman I | Statement: [Córdoba (historical), notableRulerAssociated, Abd al-Rahman I]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Abd al-Rahman I
Context triple: [Córdoba (historical), notableRulerAssociated, Abd al-Rahman I]
  • A. Al-Mansur
    Al-Mansur was the second Abbasid caliph who consolidated the Abbasid dynasty’s power and established Baghdad as its capital, making it a major political and cultural center of the Islamic world.
  • B. as-Saffah
    As-Saffah was the founder and first caliph of the Abbasid dynasty, known for overthrowing the Umayyads and establishing a new Islamic caliphal rule in 750 CE.
  • C. Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
    Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan was an Umayyad caliph (r. 685–705) known for consolidating the Islamic empire, instituting Arabic as the administrative language, and initiating major architectural projects such as the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.
  • D. al-ʿAzīz Billāh
    al-ʿAzīz Billāh was a 10th-century Fatimid caliph who consolidated Fatimid rule in Egypt and expanded their influence across the eastern Mediterranean.
  • E. Al-Walid I
    Al-Walid I was an Umayyad caliph (r. 705–715) known for major expansions of the Islamic empire and for sponsoring monumental architectural projects, including significant works at the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Great Mosque of Damascus.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Abd al-Rahman I
Triple: [Córdoba (historical), notableRulerAssociated, Abd al-Rahman I]
Generated description
Abd al-Rahman I was the founder of the independent Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba in al-Andalus, establishing a powerful Islamic state in Iberia in the 8th century.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Abd al-Rahman I
Target entity description: Abd al-Rahman I was the founder of the independent Umayyad Emirate of Córdoba in al-Andalus, establishing a powerful Islamic state in Iberia in the 8th century.
  • A. Al-Mansur
    Al-Mansur was the second Abbasid caliph who consolidated the Abbasid dynasty’s power and established Baghdad as its capital, making it a major political and cultural center of the Islamic world.
  • B. as-Saffah
    As-Saffah was the founder and first caliph of the Abbasid dynasty, known for overthrowing the Umayyads and establishing a new Islamic caliphal rule in 750 CE.
  • C. Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan
    Abd al-Malik ibn Marwan was an Umayyad caliph (r. 685–705) known for consolidating the Islamic empire, instituting Arabic as the administrative language, and initiating major architectural projects such as the Dome of the Rock in Jerusalem.
  • D. al-ʿAzīz Billāh
    al-ʿAzīz Billāh was a 10th-century Fatimid caliph who consolidated Fatimid rule in Egypt and expanded their influence across the eastern Mediterranean.
  • E. Al-Walid I
    Al-Walid I was an Umayyad caliph (r. 705–715) known for major expansions of the Islamic empire and for sponsoring monumental architectural projects, including significant works at the Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Great Mosque of Damascus.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a8861be7148190a680937ec451a304 completed March 4, 2026, 7:21 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abb17181b0819090683c55fd1352cb completed March 7, 2026, 5:02 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69adeaf2c2908190bd050dee1576b36f completed March 8, 2026, 9:32 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69adeb8a0a64819087e4505089e93093 completed March 8, 2026, 9:35 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69adec6fcaac8190b43d0cd1aa613c95 completed March 8, 2026, 9:38 p.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:35 p.m.