Triple

T18974
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject University of Göttingen E374 entity
Predicate notableAssociatedScientist P602 FINISHED
Object Carl Friedrich Gauss
Carl Friedrich Gauss was a German mathematician and physicist whose foundational contributions to number theory, geometry, statistics, and electromagnetism earned him the title "Prince of Mathematicians."
E4368 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (5 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Carl Friedrich Gauss | Statement: [University of Göttingen, notableAssociatedScientist, Carl Friedrich Gauss]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Carl Friedrich Gauss
Context triple: [University of Göttingen, notableAssociatedScientist, Carl Friedrich Gauss]
  • A. Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier
    Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier was a French mathematician and physicist best known for pioneering the theory of heat conduction and developing Fourier series, which laid the foundations of modern Fourier analysis.
  • B. Alexander von Humboldt
    Alexander von Humboldt was a pioneering 18th–19th century Prussian naturalist and explorer whose integrative studies of nature helped lay the foundations of modern biogeography and deeply shaped later scientists such as Charles Darwin.
  • C. Christiaan Huygens
    Christiaan Huygens was a 17th-century Dutch mathematician, physicist, and astronomer known for his work on the wave theory of light, the invention of the pendulum clock, and the discovery of Saturn’s moon Titan.
  • D. Hermann Minkowski
    Hermann Minkowski was a German mathematician and physicist best known for formulating the four-dimensional spacetime framework that underpins the theory of relativity.
  • E. Isaac Newton
    Isaac Newton was a 17th-century English mathematician, physicist, and natural philosopher whose formulation of classical mechanics and universal gravitation laid the foundations of modern science.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Carl Friedrich Gauss
Triple: [University of Göttingen, notableAssociatedScientist, Carl Friedrich Gauss]
Generated description
Carl Friedrich Gauss was a German mathematician and physicist whose foundational contributions to number theory, geometry, statistics, and electromagnetism earned him the title "Prince of Mathematicians."
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Carl Friedrich Gauss
Target entity description: Carl Friedrich Gauss was a German mathematician and physicist whose foundational contributions to number theory, geometry, statistics, and electromagnetism earned him the title "Prince of Mathematicians."
  • A. Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier
    Jean-Baptiste Joseph Fourier was a French mathematician and physicist best known for pioneering the theory of heat conduction and developing Fourier series, which laid the foundations of modern Fourier analysis.
  • B. Alexander von Humboldt
    Alexander von Humboldt was a pioneering 18th–19th century Prussian naturalist and explorer whose integrative studies of nature helped lay the foundations of modern biogeography and deeply shaped later scientists such as Charles Darwin.
  • C. Christiaan Huygens
    Christiaan Huygens was a 17th-century Dutch mathematician, physicist, and astronomer known for his work on the wave theory of light, the invention of the pendulum clock, and the discovery of Saturn’s moon Titan.
  • D. Hermann Minkowski
    Hermann Minkowski was a German mathematician and physicist best known for formulating the four-dimensional spacetime framework that underpins the theory of relativity.
  • E. Isaac Newton
    Isaac Newton was a 17th-century English mathematician, physicist, and natural philosopher whose formulation of classical mechanics and universal gravitation laid the foundations of modern science.
  • F. None of above. chosen
PD Predicate disambiguation gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target predicate: notableAssociatedScientist
Context triple: [University of Göttingen, notableAssociatedScientist, Carl Friedrich Gauss]
  • A. notableScientist chosen
    Indicates that the subject is a scientist who is widely recognized for significant contributions or impact in their field.
  • B. discoveredBy
    Indicates that something was found, identified, or brought to light through the efforts or actions of a particular agent.
  • C. notableFor
    Indicates that an entity is especially recognized or distinguished for a particular quality, achievement, characteristic, or role.
  • D. hasNobelLaureatesAffiliated
    Indicates that one entity has Nobel Prize laureates formally associated or connected with it (e.g., as members, staff, or alumni).
  • E. notableContribution
    Indicates that an entity has made a significant, recognized contribution to another entity, field, work, or endeavor.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (6 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a240778d288190815c0052ebbbcc91 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:10 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a246cbca108190a92478df126d9bf8 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:37 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a2552c22f88190afcc8ed45c419844 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 2:38 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a255fbd26c81909d070ba1c8345c38 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 2:42 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a256a0383c8190af394441647dab2c completed Feb. 28, 2026, 2:44 a.m.
PD Predicate disambiguation batch_69a2464f61648190ac690044be194972 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 1:35 a.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 1:14 a.m.