Triple

T18724567
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Arvind Neelakantan E457863 entity
Predicate coAuthorOf P2389 FINISHED
Object Simple and Effective Semi-Supervised Question Answering
"Simple and Effective Semi-Supervised Question Answering" is a research paper that proposes a practical method for improving question answering systems by leveraging both labeled and unlabeled data in a semi-supervised learning framework.
E1339933 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Simple and Effective Semi-Supervised Question Answering | Statement: [Arvind Neelakantan, coAuthorOf, Simple and Effective Semi-Supervised Question Answering]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Simple and Effective Semi-Supervised Question Answering
Context triple: [Arvind Neelakantan, coAuthorOf, Simple and Effective Semi-Supervised Question Answering]
  • A. SQuAD 2.0
    SQuAD 2.0 is a widely used reading comprehension benchmark dataset that tests machine learning models’ ability to answer questions from passages while also handling unanswerable queries.
  • B. Winograd Schema Challenge
    The Winograd Schema Challenge is an AI benchmark test that evaluates a system’s commonsense reasoning by requiring it to resolve pronoun references in carefully constructed, ambiguous sentences that humans find easy but machines find difficult.
  • C. “A Question-Answering System for High School Algebra Word Problems”
    “A Question-Answering System for High School Algebra Word Problems” is an early AI research project that automatically interprets and solves algebra word problems in natural language, demonstrating machine understanding and reasoning in mathematics.
  • D. Distributed Representations of Sentences and Documents
    "Distributed Representations of Sentences and Documents" is a seminal machine learning paper that introduced the Paragraph Vector (Doc2Vec) method for learning continuous vector representations of variable-length text such as sentences, paragraphs, and documents.
  • E. One Model To Learn Them All
    "One Model To Learn Them All" is a research paper that introduces a unified neural network architecture capable of handling multiple tasks and modalities within a single model.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Simple and Effective Semi-Supervised Question Answering
Triple: [Arvind Neelakantan, coAuthorOf, Simple and Effective Semi-Supervised Question Answering]
Generated description
"Simple and Effective Semi-Supervised Question Answering" is a research paper that proposes a practical method for improving question answering systems by leveraging both labeled and unlabeled data in a semi-supervised learning framework.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Simple and Effective Semi-Supervised Question Answering
Target entity description: "Simple and Effective Semi-Supervised Question Answering" is a research paper that proposes a practical method for improving question answering systems by leveraging both labeled and unlabeled data in a semi-supervised learning framework.
  • A. SQuAD 2.0
    SQuAD 2.0 is a widely used reading comprehension benchmark dataset that tests machine learning models’ ability to answer questions from passages while also handling unanswerable queries.
  • B. Winograd Schema Challenge
    The Winograd Schema Challenge is an AI benchmark test that evaluates a system’s commonsense reasoning by requiring it to resolve pronoun references in carefully constructed, ambiguous sentences that humans find easy but machines find difficult.
  • C. “A Question-Answering System for High School Algebra Word Problems”
    “A Question-Answering System for High School Algebra Word Problems” is an early AI research project that automatically interprets and solves algebra word problems in natural language, demonstrating machine understanding and reasoning in mathematics.
  • D. Distributed Representations of Sentences and Documents
    "Distributed Representations of Sentences and Documents" is a seminal machine learning paper that introduced the Paragraph Vector (Doc2Vec) method for learning continuous vector representations of variable-length text such as sentences, paragraphs, and documents.
  • E. One Model To Learn Them All
    "One Model To Learn Them All" is a research paper that introduces a unified neural network architecture capable of handling multiple tasks and modalities within a single model.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8d393ba9c8190a8b03b04ddbb0a09 completed April 10, 2026, 10:40 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e56d72d2c4819080b0d31860976b5e completed April 20, 2026, 12:04 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a05325630e881908720d703b24bcee2 completed May 14, 2026, 2:24 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a053402521c8190927afa670fb8e38e completed May 14, 2026, 2:31 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a05349009e481909fb757415468aa70 completed May 14, 2026, 2:33 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 11:50 a.m.