Triple

T18675240
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Dreimännerarbeit E456583 entity
Predicate alsoKnownAs P39 FINISHED
Object Born–Heisenberg–Jordan paper
The Born–Heisenberg–Jordan paper is a landmark 1925 work in theoretical physics that introduced matrix mechanics, one of the first complete formulations of quantum mechanics.
E1337550 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Born–Heisenberg–Jordan paper | Statement: [Dreimännerarbeit, alsoKnownAs, Born–Heisenberg–Jordan paper]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Born–Heisenberg–Jordan paper
Context triple: [Dreimännerarbeit, alsoKnownAs, Born–Heisenberg–Jordan paper]
  • A. Heisenberg operator formulation of quantum mechanics
    The Heisenberg operator formulation of quantum mechanics is a foundational approach in which observables evolve in time as operators while states remain fixed, providing a mathematically equivalent description to other formulations such as Schrödinger’s and the path integral.
  • B. Rudolf Peierls' 1952 paper on commutation laws of relativistic field theories
    Rudolf Peierls' 1952 paper on commutation laws of relativistic field theories is the foundational work that introduced the Peierls bracket, providing a covariant formulation of commutation relations in quantum field theory.
  • C. Dirac 1931 paper on quantized singularities in the electromagnetic field
    The Dirac 1931 paper on quantized singularities in the electromagnetic field is a landmark theoretical physics work in which Paul Dirac introduced the concept of magnetic monopoles and showed how their existence would imply the quantization of electric charge.
  • D. Einstein–Rosen 1935 paper
    The Einstein–Rosen 1935 paper is a seminal work by Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen that introduced the concept of a "bridge" in spacetime, later known as a wormhole, in the context of general relativity.
  • E. Recherches sur la théorie des quanta
    Recherches sur la théorie des quanta is Louis de Broglie’s landmark doctoral thesis in which he introduced the revolutionary concept of matter waves, laying a foundation for wave mechanics and modern quantum theory.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Born–Heisenberg–Jordan paper
Triple: [Dreimännerarbeit, alsoKnownAs, Born–Heisenberg–Jordan paper]
Generated description
The Born–Heisenberg–Jordan paper is a landmark 1925 work in theoretical physics that introduced matrix mechanics, one of the first complete formulations of quantum mechanics.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Born–Heisenberg–Jordan paper
Target entity description: The Born–Heisenberg–Jordan paper is a landmark 1925 work in theoretical physics that introduced matrix mechanics, one of the first complete formulations of quantum mechanics.
  • A. Heisenberg operator formulation of quantum mechanics
    The Heisenberg operator formulation of quantum mechanics is a foundational approach in which observables evolve in time as operators while states remain fixed, providing a mathematically equivalent description to other formulations such as Schrödinger’s and the path integral.
  • B. Rudolf Peierls' 1952 paper on commutation laws of relativistic field theories
    Rudolf Peierls' 1952 paper on commutation laws of relativistic field theories is the foundational work that introduced the Peierls bracket, providing a covariant formulation of commutation relations in quantum field theory.
  • C. Dirac 1931 paper on quantized singularities in the electromagnetic field
    The Dirac 1931 paper on quantized singularities in the electromagnetic field is a landmark theoretical physics work in which Paul Dirac introduced the concept of magnetic monopoles and showed how their existence would imply the quantization of electric charge.
  • D. Einstein–Rosen 1935 paper
    The Einstein–Rosen 1935 paper is a seminal work by Albert Einstein and Nathan Rosen that introduced the concept of a "bridge" in spacetime, later known as a wormhole, in the context of general relativity.
  • E. Recherches sur la théorie des quanta
    Recherches sur la théorie des quanta is Louis de Broglie’s landmark doctoral thesis in which he introduced the revolutionary concept of matter waves, laying a foundation for wave mechanics and modern quantum theory.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8d38f72b4819090a935175d9ca8af completed April 10, 2026, 10:40 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e556b4e390819091ad9dd118ca1f4f completed April 19, 2026, 10:27 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a052353c80c8190a17c23eef9406fcf completed May 14, 2026, 1:20 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a0523e3c99481909f4371d74ad7c266 completed May 14, 2026, 1:22 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a0524461600819084dba49f65abf654 completed May 14, 2026, 1:24 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 11:48 a.m.