Triple
T18663306
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Copeland & Day |
E456258
|
entity |
| Predicate | foundedBy |
P104
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Herbert Copeland
Herbert Copeland was an American publisher best known as the co-founder of the Boston-based small press Copeland & Day, which issued influential literary works in the 1890s.
|
E1381520
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Herbert Copeland | Statement: [Copeland & Day, foundedBy, Herbert Copeland]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Herbert Copeland Context triple: [Copeland & Day, foundedBy, Herbert Copeland]
-
A.
Robert Morris Copeland
Robert Morris Copeland was a 19th-century American landscape architect and town planner known for designing rural cemeteries and public grounds in New England.
-
B.
Ernest T. Weir
Ernest T. Weir was an American industrialist and steel magnate who co-founded and led the Weirton Steel Company, playing a major role in the development of Weirton, West Virginia.
-
C.
Herbert Hatch
Herbert Hatch was an American printer and designer best known for establishing the iconic Nashville letterpress shop Hatch Show Print, renowned for its bold concert and advertising posters.
-
D.
Oswald T. Campbell
Oswald T. Campbell is the lonely, ailing man who finds unexpected community, healing, and hope in a small Alabama town in Fannie Flagg’s novel "A Redbird Christmas."
-
E.
Charles Copping
Charles Copping is a cinematographer known for his work on the animated film "Chicken Run: Dawn of the Nugget."
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Herbert Copeland Triple: [Copeland & Day, foundedBy, Herbert Copeland]
Generated description
Herbert Copeland was an American publisher best known as the co-founder of the Boston-based small press Copeland & Day, which issued influential literary works in the 1890s.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Herbert Copeland Target entity description: Herbert Copeland was an American publisher best known as the co-founder of the Boston-based small press Copeland & Day, which issued influential literary works in the 1890s.
-
A.
Robert Morris Copeland
Robert Morris Copeland was a 19th-century American landscape architect and town planner known for designing rural cemeteries and public grounds in New England.
-
B.
Ernest T. Weir
Ernest T. Weir was an American industrialist and steel magnate who co-founded and led the Weirton Steel Company, playing a major role in the development of Weirton, West Virginia.
-
C.
Herbert Hatch
Herbert Hatch was an American printer and designer best known for establishing the iconic Nashville letterpress shop Hatch Show Print, renowned for its bold concert and advertising posters.
-
D.
Oswald T. Campbell
Oswald T. Campbell is the lonely, ailing man who finds unexpected community, healing, and hope in a small Alabama town in Fannie Flagg’s novel "A Redbird Christmas."
-
E.
Charles Copping
Charles Copping is a cinematographer known for his work on the animated film "Chicken Run: Dawn of the Nugget."
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d8d38f72b4819090a935175d9ca8af |
completed | April 10, 2026, 10:40 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e5508c0d088190bef46fb3a3001f10 |
completed | April 19, 2026, 10 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_6a074e614d3081909260cfd7d26ee5df |
completed | May 15, 2026, 4:48 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_6a074f0534608190bebba043babdbc8b |
completed | May 15, 2026, 4:51 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_6a074fbaca3c8190a34dbb6fd4ed1844 |
completed | May 15, 2026, 4:54 p.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 11:48 a.m.