Triple

T1861689
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Norman J. Zabusky E34827 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Interaction of solitons in a collisionless plasma and the recurrence of initial states
"Interaction of solitons in a collisionless plasma and the recurrence of initial states" is a landmark 1965 paper by Norman J. Zabusky and Martin Kruskal that introduced the concept of solitons and demonstrated their particle-like interactions and recurrence behavior in nonlinear wave systems.
E207976 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Interaction of solitons in a collisionless plasma and the recurrence of initial states | Statement: [Norman J. Zabusky, notableWork, Interaction of solitons in a collisionless plasma and the recurrence of initial states]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Interaction of solitons in a collisionless plasma and the recurrence of initial states
Context triple: [Norman J. Zabusky, notableWork, Interaction of solitons in a collisionless plasma and the recurrence of initial states]
  • A. Commission H – Waves in Plasmas
    Commission H – Waves in Plasmas is a specialized body within the International Union of Radio Science that focuses on the study and advancement of wave phenomena in plasmas and related space and laboratory environments.
  • B. Gross–Pitaevskii equation
    The Gross–Pitaevskii equation is a nonlinear Schrödinger-type equation that describes the macroscopic wavefunction and dynamics of weakly interacting Bose gases at ultra-cold temperatures.
  • C. On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light
    "On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that introduced the concept of light quanta (photons), laying the foundation for quantum theory and explaining the photoelectric effect.
  • D. Kapitza–Dirac effect
    The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum phenomenon in which a beam of particles, such as electrons or atoms, is diffracted by a standing wave of light, demonstrating the wave-particle duality of matter.
  • E. Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect
    The Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect is a quantum optical phenomenon in which correlations in the arrival times of identical particles, such as photons, reveal their underlying statistical and coherence properties.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Interaction of solitons in a collisionless plasma and the recurrence of initial states
Triple: [Norman J. Zabusky, notableWork, Interaction of solitons in a collisionless plasma and the recurrence of initial states]
Generated description
"Interaction of solitons in a collisionless plasma and the recurrence of initial states" is a landmark 1965 paper by Norman J. Zabusky and Martin Kruskal that introduced the concept of solitons and demonstrated their particle-like interactions and recurrence behavior in nonlinear wave systems.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Interaction of solitons in a collisionless plasma and the recurrence of initial states
Target entity description: "Interaction of solitons in a collisionless plasma and the recurrence of initial states" is a landmark 1965 paper by Norman J. Zabusky and Martin Kruskal that introduced the concept of solitons and demonstrated their particle-like interactions and recurrence behavior in nonlinear wave systems.
  • A. Commission H – Waves in Plasmas
    Commission H – Waves in Plasmas is a specialized body within the International Union of Radio Science that focuses on the study and advancement of wave phenomena in plasmas and related space and laboratory environments.
  • B. Gross–Pitaevskii equation
    The Gross–Pitaevskii equation is a nonlinear Schrödinger-type equation that describes the macroscopic wavefunction and dynamics of weakly interacting Bose gases at ultra-cold temperatures.
  • C. On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light
    "On a Heuristic Point of View Concerning the Production and Transformation of Light" is Albert Einstein’s 1905 paper that introduced the concept of light quanta (photons), laying the foundation for quantum theory and explaining the photoelectric effect.
  • D. Kapitza–Dirac effect
    The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum phenomenon in which a beam of particles, such as electrons or atoms, is diffracted by a standing wave of light, demonstrating the wave-particle duality of matter.
  • E. Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect
    The Hanbury Brown and Twiss effect is a quantum optical phenomenon in which correlations in the arrival times of identical particles, such as photons, reveal their underlying statistical and coherence properties.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a88600b2f88190bc09303e68ab517e completed March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69abb09e714881909cef0f7e77b5b3b9 completed March 7, 2026, 4:59 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69add1d026748190a507872de85c908d completed March 8, 2026, 7:45 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69add2729498819082f6595c57f545a8 completed March 8, 2026, 7:48 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69add32c32b08190be6624eefa2fa386 completed March 8, 2026, 7:51 p.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:34 p.m.