Triple

T185493
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Huygens–Fresnel principle E3970 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Kirchhoff diffraction formula
The Kirchhoff diffraction formula is a fundamental integral expression in wave optics that predicts how light waves propagate and diffract after passing through apertures or around obstacles, based on boundary values of the wave field.
E3970 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kirchhoff diffraction formula | Statement: [Huygens–Fresnel principle, relatedTo, Kirchhoff diffraction formula]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kirchhoff diffraction formula
Context triple: [Huygens–Fresnel principle, relatedTo, Kirchhoff diffraction formula]
  • A. Fresnel diffraction theory
    Fresnel diffraction theory is a wave-optics framework that describes how light diffracts when source or observation distances are finite, using near-field approximations derived from the Huygens–Fresnel principle.
  • B. Fraunhofer diffraction
    Fraunhofer diffraction is the far-field diffraction pattern of waves, typically light, observed when both the source and observation screen are effectively at infinite distance or made so with lenses, producing characteristic interference patterns.
  • C. Huygens–Fresnel principle
    The Huygens–Fresnel principle is a fundamental concept in wave optics that explains how every point on a wavefront acts as a source of secondary wavelets whose interference determines the wave’s subsequent propagation and diffraction.
  • D. Poisson spot
    Poisson spot is a bright point of light that appears at the center of the shadow of a circular object due to wave diffraction, providing striking evidence for the wave nature of light.
  • E. Newtonian optics
    Newtonian optics is the branch of physics developed by Isaac Newton that explains light primarily as a stream of particles to account for reflection, refraction, and color phenomena.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kirchhoff diffraction formula
Triple: [Huygens–Fresnel principle, relatedTo, Kirchhoff diffraction formula]
Generated description
The Kirchhoff diffraction formula is a fundamental integral expression in wave optics that predicts how light waves propagate and diffract after passing through apertures or around obstacles, based on boundary values of the wave field.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kirchhoff diffraction formula
Target entity description: The Kirchhoff diffraction formula is a fundamental integral expression in wave optics that predicts how light waves propagate and diffract after passing through apertures or around obstacles, based on boundary values of the wave field.
  • A. Fresnel diffraction theory
    Fresnel diffraction theory is a wave-optics framework that describes how light diffracts when source or observation distances are finite, using near-field approximations derived from the Huygens–Fresnel principle.
  • B. Fraunhofer diffraction
    Fraunhofer diffraction is the far-field diffraction pattern of waves, typically light, observed when both the source and observation screen are effectively at infinite distance or made so with lenses, producing characteristic interference patterns.
  • C. Huygens–Fresnel principle chosen
    The Huygens–Fresnel principle is a fundamental concept in wave optics that explains how every point on a wavefront acts as a source of secondary wavelets whose interference determines the wave’s subsequent propagation and diffraction.
  • D. Poisson spot
    Poisson spot is a bright point of light that appears at the center of the shadow of a circular object due to wave diffraction, providing striking evidence for the wave nature of light.
  • E. Newtonian optics
    Newtonian optics is the branch of physics developed by Isaac Newton that explains light primarily as a stream of particles to account for reflection, refraction, and color phenomena.
  • F. None of above.

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a25497e2f08190a040f8c6e1842643 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 2:36 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a2592867108190b5d316c055575449 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 2:55 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a30cc5130c81908346cf86a23a6285 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 3:41 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a30d568260819094295ac1ce1b05d1 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 3:44 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a30da5f1e0819090e06fa7caff1767 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 3:45 p.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 2:40 a.m.