Triple

T18266175
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Leonard Carlitz E437489 entity
Predicate notableFor P22 FINISHED
Object Carlitz binomial coefficients
Carlitz binomial coefficients are a q-analogue of the classical binomial coefficients introduced by Leonard Carlitz, fundamental in the study of combinatorics and q-series.
E1318341 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Carlitz binomial coefficients | Statement: [Leonard Carlitz, notableFor, Carlitz binomial coefficients]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Carlitz binomial coefficients
Context triple: [Leonard Carlitz, notableFor, Carlitz binomial coefficients]
  • A. Carlitz polynomials
    Carlitz polynomials are a family of polynomials in the theory of function fields over finite fields that serve as analogues of classical Bernoulli polynomials and play a key role in Carlitz module and Drinfeld module theory.
  • B. Carlitz q-Bernoulli numbers
    The Carlitz q-Bernoulli numbers are a q-analogue of the classical Bernoulli numbers introduced by Leonard Carlitz, playing a key role in q-series, special functions, and number theory.
  • C. Carlitz exponential
    The Carlitz exponential is a function-field analogue of the classical exponential function introduced by Leonard Carlitz, fundamental in the arithmetic of function fields over finite fields.
  • D. Legendre’s formula for valuations of factorials
    Legendre’s formula for valuations of factorials is a number-theoretic result that expresses the exponent of a prime in the prime factorization of n! as a sum of integer divisions of n by successive powers of that prime.
  • E. Jacobi sums
    Jacobi sums are special algebraic number theory constructs formed from character sums over finite fields or residue classes, widely used in primality testing and the study of cyclotomic fields.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Carlitz binomial coefficients
Triple: [Leonard Carlitz, notableFor, Carlitz binomial coefficients]
Generated description
Carlitz binomial coefficients are a q-analogue of the classical binomial coefficients introduced by Leonard Carlitz, fundamental in the study of combinatorics and q-series.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Carlitz binomial coefficients
Target entity description: Carlitz binomial coefficients are a q-analogue of the classical binomial coefficients introduced by Leonard Carlitz, fundamental in the study of combinatorics and q-series.
  • A. Carlitz polynomials
    Carlitz polynomials are a family of polynomials in the theory of function fields over finite fields that serve as analogues of classical Bernoulli polynomials and play a key role in Carlitz module and Drinfeld module theory.
  • B. Carlitz q-Bernoulli numbers
    The Carlitz q-Bernoulli numbers are a q-analogue of the classical Bernoulli numbers introduced by Leonard Carlitz, playing a key role in q-series, special functions, and number theory.
  • C. Carlitz exponential
    The Carlitz exponential is a function-field analogue of the classical exponential function introduced by Leonard Carlitz, fundamental in the arithmetic of function fields over finite fields.
  • D. Legendre’s formula for valuations of factorials
    Legendre’s formula for valuations of factorials is a number-theoretic result that expresses the exponent of a prime in the prime factorization of n! as a sum of integer divisions of n by successive powers of that prime.
  • E. Jacobi sums
    Jacobi sums are special algebraic number theory constructs formed from character sums over finite fields or residue classes, widely used in primality testing and the study of cyclotomic fields.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d8b913351c8190932b6a426de04b41 completed April 10, 2026, 8:47 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e4ff7af85c81909859e7247738a535 completed April 19, 2026, 4:14 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a03c4b63a408190a052683b28b2c9a6 completed May 13, 2026, 12:24 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a03c61786248190b25a5557cf3ea431 completed May 13, 2026, 12:30 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a03c6854dbc81909a05b216c4e27323 completed May 13, 2026, 12:32 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 10:34 a.m.