Triple
T1783970
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Fresnel equations |
E39347
|
entity |
| Predicate | relatedTo |
P37
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Fresnel integrals
Fresnel integrals are special functions in mathematics that describe the complex oscillatory behavior of wave diffraction and interference, particularly in optics.
|
E198136
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Fresnel integrals | Statement: [Fresnel equations, relatedTo, Fresnel integrals]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fresnel integrals Context triple: [Fresnel equations, relatedTo, Fresnel integrals]
-
A.
Fraunhofer diffraction
Fraunhofer diffraction is the far-field diffraction pattern of waves, typically light, observed when both the source and observation screen are effectively at infinite distance or made so with lenses, producing characteristic interference patterns.
-
B.
Jacobi elliptic functions
Jacobi elliptic functions are a family of doubly periodic complex functions that generalize trigonometric functions and play a central role in the theory of elliptic integrals and many areas of mathematical physics.
-
C.
Fresnel equations
The Fresnel equations are fundamental formulas in optics that describe how light is partially reflected and transmitted at the boundary between two media with different refractive indices, depending on polarization and angle of incidence.
-
D.
Gaussian integral
The Gaussian integral is a fundamental result in mathematics that evaluates the integral of the exponential of a negative quadratic function over the entire real line, yielding a value proportional to the square root of π and underpinning the normal distribution in probability theory.
-
E.
Fresnel zones
Fresnel zones are concentric regions on a wavefront used in wave optics to analyze and predict diffraction and interference effects, especially in near-field conditions.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Fresnel integrals Triple: [Fresnel equations, relatedTo, Fresnel integrals]
Generated description
Fresnel integrals are special functions in mathematics that describe the complex oscillatory behavior of wave diffraction and interference, particularly in optics.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fresnel integrals Target entity description: Fresnel integrals are special functions in mathematics that describe the complex oscillatory behavior of wave diffraction and interference, particularly in optics.
-
A.
Fraunhofer diffraction
Fraunhofer diffraction is the far-field diffraction pattern of waves, typically light, observed when both the source and observation screen are effectively at infinite distance or made so with lenses, producing characteristic interference patterns.
-
B.
Jacobi elliptic functions
Jacobi elliptic functions are a family of doubly periodic complex functions that generalize trigonometric functions and play a central role in the theory of elliptic integrals and many areas of mathematical physics.
-
C.
Fresnel equations
The Fresnel equations are fundamental formulas in optics that describe how light is partially reflected and transmitted at the boundary between two media with different refractive indices, depending on polarization and angle of incidence.
-
D.
Gaussian integral
The Gaussian integral is a fundamental result in mathematics that evaluates the integral of the exponential of a negative quadratic function over the entire real line, yielding a value proportional to the square root of π and underpinning the normal distribution in probability theory.
-
E.
Fresnel zones
Fresnel zones are concentric regions on a wavefront used in wave optics to analyze and predict diffraction and interference effects, especially in near-field conditions.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a88630519c8190a17addd83c4a3ef4 |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:21 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69aa64e5f5588190ac285d0923c5a2e9 |
completed | March 6, 2026, 5:23 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ada9a1aa8481908cbcecde85804461 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 4:53 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69adab05cf6c81909f4713664f508ad9 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 4:59 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69adaeb20390819098bad8951ec00d00 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 5:15 p.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:31 p.m.