Triple

T1783970
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Fresnel equations E39347 entity
Predicate relatedTo P37 FINISHED
Object Fresnel integrals
Fresnel integrals are special functions in mathematics that describe the complex oscillatory behavior of wave diffraction and interference, particularly in optics.
E198136 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Fresnel integrals | Statement: [Fresnel equations, relatedTo, Fresnel integrals]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fresnel integrals
Context triple: [Fresnel equations, relatedTo, Fresnel integrals]
  • A. Fraunhofer diffraction
    Fraunhofer diffraction is the far-field diffraction pattern of waves, typically light, observed when both the source and observation screen are effectively at infinite distance or made so with lenses, producing characteristic interference patterns.
  • B. Jacobi elliptic functions
    Jacobi elliptic functions are a family of doubly periodic complex functions that generalize trigonometric functions and play a central role in the theory of elliptic integrals and many areas of mathematical physics.
  • C. Fresnel equations
    The Fresnel equations are fundamental formulas in optics that describe how light is partially reflected and transmitted at the boundary between two media with different refractive indices, depending on polarization and angle of incidence.
  • D. Gaussian integral
    The Gaussian integral is a fundamental result in mathematics that evaluates the integral of the exponential of a negative quadratic function over the entire real line, yielding a value proportional to the square root of π and underpinning the normal distribution in probability theory.
  • E. Fresnel zones
    Fresnel zones are concentric regions on a wavefront used in wave optics to analyze and predict diffraction and interference effects, especially in near-field conditions.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Fresnel integrals
Triple: [Fresnel equations, relatedTo, Fresnel integrals]
Generated description
Fresnel integrals are special functions in mathematics that describe the complex oscillatory behavior of wave diffraction and interference, particularly in optics.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Fresnel integrals
Target entity description: Fresnel integrals are special functions in mathematics that describe the complex oscillatory behavior of wave diffraction and interference, particularly in optics.
  • A. Fraunhofer diffraction
    Fraunhofer diffraction is the far-field diffraction pattern of waves, typically light, observed when both the source and observation screen are effectively at infinite distance or made so with lenses, producing characteristic interference patterns.
  • B. Jacobi elliptic functions
    Jacobi elliptic functions are a family of doubly periodic complex functions that generalize trigonometric functions and play a central role in the theory of elliptic integrals and many areas of mathematical physics.
  • C. Fresnel equations
    The Fresnel equations are fundamental formulas in optics that describe how light is partially reflected and transmitted at the boundary between two media with different refractive indices, depending on polarization and angle of incidence.
  • D. Gaussian integral
    The Gaussian integral is a fundamental result in mathematics that evaluates the integral of the exponential of a negative quadratic function over the entire real line, yielding a value proportional to the square root of π and underpinning the normal distribution in probability theory.
  • E. Fresnel zones
    Fresnel zones are concentric regions on a wavefront used in wave optics to analyze and predict diffraction and interference effects, especially in near-field conditions.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a88630519c8190a17addd83c4a3ef4 completed March 4, 2026, 7:21 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69aa64e5f5588190ac285d0923c5a2e9 completed March 6, 2026, 5:23 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ada9a1aa8481908cbcecde85804461 completed March 8, 2026, 4:53 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69adab05cf6c81909f4713664f508ad9 completed March 8, 2026, 4:59 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69adaeb20390819098bad8951ec00d00 completed March 8, 2026, 5:15 p.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:31 p.m.