Triple
T17587732
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | James J. Heckman |
E428367
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object | “Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error” |
—
|
NE NERFINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: “Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error” | Statement: [James J. Heckman, notableWork, “Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error”]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: “Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error” Context triple: [James J. Heckman, notableWork, “Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error”]
-
A.
“Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error”
chosen
“Sample Selection Bias as a Specification Error” is a landmark econometrics paper by James Heckman that introduced the Heckman correction for dealing with non-randomly selected samples in statistical analysis.
-
B.
Heckman selection model
The Heckman selection model is an econometric technique that corrects for sample selection bias in regression analysis by jointly modeling the selection process and the outcome equation.
-
C.
The Probability Approach in Econometrics
The Probability Approach in Econometrics is Trygve Haavelmo’s landmark work that founded modern econometrics by rigorously formulating economic relationships within a probabilistic, statistical framework.
-
D.
The Choice of a Model
The Choice of a Model is a painting by Spanish artist Mariano Fortuny, exemplifying his refined technique and interest in intimate, studio-based scenes.
-
E.
The Theory of Confounding
The Theory of Confounding is a foundational chapter in R.A. Fisher’s work on experimental design that explains how to manage and interpret the mixing of treatment effects with nuisance factors in statistical experiments.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (2 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d889e1030481909950e140c63255b9 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 5:25 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e469e41bf08190963848f1597b6e9f |
completed | April 19, 2026, 5:36 a.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:51 a.m.