Triple

T17547689
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Michael S. McPherson E427370 entity
Predicate notableWork P4 FINISHED
Object Keeping College Affordable
"Keeping College Affordable" is a book by economist and higher-education scholar Michael S. McPherson that analyzes the rising costs of college and explores policies to maintain access and affordability for students.
E1275685 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Keeping College Affordable | Statement: [Michael S. McPherson, notableWork, Keeping College Affordable]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Keeping College Affordable
Context triple: [Michael S. McPherson, notableWork, Keeping College Affordable]
  • A. College Cost Reduction and Access Act
    The College Cost Reduction and Access Act is a U.S. federal law that significantly expanded student financial aid and created income-based repayment options to make higher education more affordable.
  • B. Saving State U: Why We Must Fix Public Higher Education
    "Saving State U: Why We Must Fix Public Higher Education" is a book by economist Nancy Folbre that critiques the underfunding and marketization of public universities in the United States and argues for renewed public investment in higher education as a common good.
  • C. Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy
    Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy is a sociological examination of how for-profit colleges exploit economic inequality, racial stratification, and credentialism in the contemporary U.S. higher education system.
  • D. Consortium on Financing Higher Education
    The Consortium on Financing Higher Education is an organization of highly selective, private colleges and universities in the United States that collaborates on issues related to financial aid, affordability, and access to higher education.
  • E. The Higher Learning in America
    The Higher Learning in America is Thorstein Veblen’s influential critique of U.S. universities, examining how business interests and status-seeking distort academic life and scholarship.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Keeping College Affordable
Triple: [Michael S. McPherson, notableWork, Keeping College Affordable]
Generated description
"Keeping College Affordable" is a book by economist and higher-education scholar Michael S. McPherson that analyzes the rising costs of college and explores policies to maintain access and affordability for students.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Keeping College Affordable
Target entity description: "Keeping College Affordable" is a book by economist and higher-education scholar Michael S. McPherson that analyzes the rising costs of college and explores policies to maintain access and affordability for students.
  • A. College Cost Reduction and Access Act
    The College Cost Reduction and Access Act is a U.S. federal law that significantly expanded student financial aid and created income-based repayment options to make higher education more affordable.
  • B. Saving State U: Why We Must Fix Public Higher Education
    "Saving State U: Why We Must Fix Public Higher Education" is a book by economist Nancy Folbre that critiques the underfunding and marketization of public universities in the United States and argues for renewed public investment in higher education as a common good.
  • C. Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy
    Lower Ed: The Troubling Rise of For-Profit Colleges in the New Economy is a sociological examination of how for-profit colleges exploit economic inequality, racial stratification, and credentialism in the contemporary U.S. higher education system.
  • D. Consortium on Financing Higher Education
    The Consortium on Financing Higher Education is an organization of highly selective, private colleges and universities in the United States that collaborates on issues related to financial aid, affordability, and access to higher education.
  • E. The Higher Learning in America
    The Higher Learning in America is Thorstein Veblen’s influential critique of U.S. universities, examining how business interests and status-seeking distort academic life and scholarship.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d889df6dc081908f67dbadc03c07ee completed April 10, 2026, 5:25 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e454626cfc8190a2602ba4934b8e6d completed April 19, 2026, 4:04 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a01d28f01588190b608e9e8c6c63635 completed May 11, 2026, 12:58 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a01d39bf344819096a89179137e22ab completed May 11, 2026, 1:03 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a01d48da4b0819094d4e32847b97345 completed May 11, 2026, 1:07 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:49 a.m.