Triple

T1652887
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject The Bronx High School of Science E35731 entity
Predicate hasAlumnus P51 FINISHED
Object Arno Penzias
Arno Penzias is a Nobel Prize–winning physicist best known for his co-discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation, which provided key evidence for the Big Bang theory.
E188968 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Arno Penzias | Statement: [The Bronx High School of Science, hasAlumnus, Arno Penzias]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arno Penzias
Context triple: [The Bronx High School of Science, hasAlumnus, Arno Penzias]
  • A. Robert H. Dicke
    Robert H. Dicke was an influential American physicist known for his pioneering work in gravitation, cosmology, and microwave physics, including contributions that helped establish the Big Bang theory.
  • B. Bruno Rossi
    Bruno Rossi was an Italian experimental physicist and pioneer in cosmic-ray and high-energy astrophysics who played a key role in early nuclear research and space science.
  • C. Riccardo Giacconi
    Riccardo Giacconi was an Italian-American astrophysicist and Nobel laureate widely regarded as a pioneer of X-ray astronomy.
  • D. George F. Smoot
    George F. Smoot is an American astrophysicist and cosmologist best known for his Nobel Prize–winning work on cosmic microwave background radiation, which provided strong evidence for the Big Bang theory.
  • E. Lyman Spitzer Jr.
    Lyman Spitzer Jr. was an influential American astrophysicist best known for his pioneering work on interstellar matter and for conceiving and advocating the development of space-based telescopes, including what became the Hubble Space Telescope.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Arno Penzias
Triple: [The Bronx High School of Science, hasAlumnus, Arno Penzias]
Generated description
Arno Penzias is a Nobel Prize–winning physicist best known for his co-discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation, which provided key evidence for the Big Bang theory.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Arno Penzias
Target entity description: Arno Penzias is a Nobel Prize–winning physicist best known for his co-discovery of the cosmic microwave background radiation, which provided key evidence for the Big Bang theory.
  • A. Robert H. Dicke
    Robert H. Dicke was an influential American physicist known for his pioneering work in gravitation, cosmology, and microwave physics, including contributions that helped establish the Big Bang theory.
  • B. Bruno Rossi
    Bruno Rossi was an Italian experimental physicist and pioneer in cosmic-ray and high-energy astrophysics who played a key role in early nuclear research and space science.
  • C. Riccardo Giacconi
    Riccardo Giacconi was an Italian-American astrophysicist and Nobel laureate widely regarded as a pioneer of X-ray astronomy.
  • D. George F. Smoot
    George F. Smoot is an American astrophysicist and cosmologist best known for his Nobel Prize–winning work on cosmic microwave background radiation, which provided strong evidence for the Big Bang theory.
  • E. Lyman Spitzer Jr.
    Lyman Spitzer Jr. was an influential American astrophysicist best known for his pioneering work on interstellar matter and for conceiving and advocating the development of space-based telescopes, including what became the Hubble Space Telescope.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a8860568888190a32cd9f70acbba42 completed March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a90a88cb108190a836b972f600c257 completed March 5, 2026, 4:46 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ad71a8c22c8190b7f2883dfbd1403f completed March 8, 2026, 12:55 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ad72371b648190a50b5b5ca9cd7f5d completed March 8, 2026, 12:57 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ad72a64e0c8190a2b63c78c54896d0 completed March 8, 2026, 12:59 p.m.
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:29 p.m.