Triple

T16359482
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Edward Victor Appleton E397271 entity
Predicate hasEponym P12247 FINISHED
Object Appleton–Hartree equation
The Appleton–Hartree equation is a fundamental formula in plasma physics and radio science that describes how radio waves propagate through the ionosphere in the presence of a magnetic field.
E1208876 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Appleton–Hartree equation | Statement: [Edward Victor Appleton, hasEponym, Appleton–Hartree equation]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Appleton–Hartree equation
Context triple: [Edward Victor Appleton, hasEponym, Appleton–Hartree equation]
  • A. Bhabha–Corben equations
    The Bhabha–Corben equations are relativistic wave equations in quantum electrodynamics that describe the dynamics of spinning charged particles, developed by physicists Homi J. Bhabha and H. C. Corben.
  • B. Herzberg–Teller approximation
    The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
  • C. Bethe–Salpeter equation
    The Bethe–Salpeter equation is a relativistic quantum field theory equation that describes bound states of two interacting particles, such as electron–hole pairs in quantum electrodynamics.
  • D. Lippmann–Schwinger equation
    The Lippmann–Schwinger equation is an integral equation in quantum scattering theory that reformulates the Schrödinger equation to describe how incoming waves are transformed into scattered waves by a potential.
  • E. Karplus equation
    The Karplus equation is an empirical relationship in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy that correlates three-bond scalar coupling constants with dihedral angles, enabling the determination of molecular conformations.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Appleton–Hartree equation
Triple: [Edward Victor Appleton, hasEponym, Appleton–Hartree equation]
Generated description
The Appleton–Hartree equation is a fundamental formula in plasma physics and radio science that describes how radio waves propagate through the ionosphere in the presence of a magnetic field.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Appleton–Hartree equation
Target entity description: The Appleton–Hartree equation is a fundamental formula in plasma physics and radio science that describes how radio waves propagate through the ionosphere in the presence of a magnetic field.
  • A. Bhabha–Corben equations
    The Bhabha–Corben equations are relativistic wave equations in quantum electrodynamics that describe the dynamics of spinning charged particles, developed by physicists Homi J. Bhabha and H. C. Corben.
  • B. Herzberg–Teller approximation
    The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
  • C. Bethe–Salpeter equation
    The Bethe–Salpeter equation is a relativistic quantum field theory equation that describes bound states of two interacting particles, such as electron–hole pairs in quantum electrodynamics.
  • D. Lippmann–Schwinger equation
    The Lippmann–Schwinger equation is an integral equation in quantum scattering theory that reformulates the Schrödinger equation to describe how incoming waves are transformed into scattered waves by a potential.
  • E. Karplus equation
    The Karplus equation is an empirical relationship in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy that correlates three-bond scalar coupling constants with dihedral angles, enabling the determination of molecular conformations.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d87f2778dc8190aa95c7572db127e6 completed April 10, 2026, 4:40 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e2fad241848190a9f32c7b050f20a5 completed April 18, 2026, 3:30 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_6a002dbce2508190b655de87f48e841e completed May 10, 2026, 7:03 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_6a002f8278e48190a1eb1e11616f6cc5 completed May 10, 2026, 7:10 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_6a002fe676688190b53cb938d7de78c0 completed May 10, 2026, 7:12 a.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:07 a.m.