Triple
T16359482
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Edward Victor Appleton |
E397271
|
entity |
| Predicate | hasEponym |
P12247
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Appleton–Hartree equation
The Appleton–Hartree equation is a fundamental formula in plasma physics and radio science that describes how radio waves propagate through the ionosphere in the presence of a magnetic field.
|
E1208876
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Appleton–Hartree equation | Statement: [Edward Victor Appleton, hasEponym, Appleton–Hartree equation]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Appleton–Hartree equation Context triple: [Edward Victor Appleton, hasEponym, Appleton–Hartree equation]
-
A.
Bhabha–Corben equations
The Bhabha–Corben equations are relativistic wave equations in quantum electrodynamics that describe the dynamics of spinning charged particles, developed by physicists Homi J. Bhabha and H. C. Corben.
-
B.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
C.
Bethe–Salpeter equation
The Bethe–Salpeter equation is a relativistic quantum field theory equation that describes bound states of two interacting particles, such as electron–hole pairs in quantum electrodynamics.
-
D.
Lippmann–Schwinger equation
The Lippmann–Schwinger equation is an integral equation in quantum scattering theory that reformulates the Schrödinger equation to describe how incoming waves are transformed into scattered waves by a potential.
-
E.
Karplus equation
The Karplus equation is an empirical relationship in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy that correlates three-bond scalar coupling constants with dihedral angles, enabling the determination of molecular conformations.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Appleton–Hartree equation Triple: [Edward Victor Appleton, hasEponym, Appleton–Hartree equation]
Generated description
The Appleton–Hartree equation is a fundamental formula in plasma physics and radio science that describes how radio waves propagate through the ionosphere in the presence of a magnetic field.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Appleton–Hartree equation Target entity description: The Appleton–Hartree equation is a fundamental formula in plasma physics and radio science that describes how radio waves propagate through the ionosphere in the presence of a magnetic field.
-
A.
Bhabha–Corben equations
The Bhabha–Corben equations are relativistic wave equations in quantum electrodynamics that describe the dynamics of spinning charged particles, developed by physicists Homi J. Bhabha and H. C. Corben.
-
B.
Herzberg–Teller approximation
The Herzberg–Teller approximation is a refinement in molecular spectroscopy that accounts for vibronic coupling by allowing electronic transition dipole moments to depend on nuclear coordinates, explaining intensity in otherwise forbidden transitions.
-
C.
Bethe–Salpeter equation
The Bethe–Salpeter equation is a relativistic quantum field theory equation that describes bound states of two interacting particles, such as electron–hole pairs in quantum electrodynamics.
-
D.
Lippmann–Schwinger equation
The Lippmann–Schwinger equation is an integral equation in quantum scattering theory that reformulates the Schrödinger equation to describe how incoming waves are transformed into scattered waves by a potential.
-
E.
Karplus equation
The Karplus equation is an empirical relationship in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy that correlates three-bond scalar coupling constants with dihedral angles, enabling the determination of molecular conformations.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d87f2778dc8190aa95c7572db127e6 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 4:40 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e2fad241848190a9f32c7b050f20a5 |
completed | April 18, 2026, 3:30 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_6a002dbce2508190b655de87f48e841e |
completed | May 10, 2026, 7:03 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_6a002f8278e48190a1eb1e11616f6cc5 |
completed | May 10, 2026, 7:10 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_6a002fe676688190b53cb938d7de78c0 |
completed | May 10, 2026, 7:12 a.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 5:07 a.m.