Triple
T1615007
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Walther Nernst |
E34696
|
entity |
| Predicate | notableWork |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
third law of thermodynamics
The third law of thermodynamics is a fundamental principle stating that the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero as its temperature approaches absolute zero, forming a basis for absolute entropy measurements and low-temperature physics.
|
E183516
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: third law of thermodynamics | Statement: [Walther Nernst, notableWork, third law of thermodynamics]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: third law of thermodynamics Context triple: [Walther Nernst, notableWork, third law of thermodynamics]
-
A.
Sackur–Tetrode equation
The Sackur–Tetrode equation is a fundamental formula in statistical mechanics that gives the absolute entropy of an ideal monatomic gas in terms of its volume, temperature, and particle number.
-
B.
Landauer's principle
Landauer's principle is a foundational concept in thermodynamics and information theory stating that erasing one bit of information in a computational process necessarily dissipates a minimum amount of heat, linking information processing to physical entropy.
-
C.
Carathéodory’s formulation of the second law of thermodynamics
Carathéodory’s formulation of the second law of thermodynamics is a mathematically rigorous restatement of the second law based on the inaccessibility of certain thermodynamic states, providing a foundation for the concept of entropy without relying on cyclic processes or heat engines.
-
D.
Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation
Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation is a fundamental principle in thermodynamics stating that, for a body in thermal equilibrium, its emissivity equals its absorptivity at each wavelength.
-
E.
Boltzmann constant
The Boltzmann constant is a fundamental physical constant that links temperature to energy at the particle level, playing a central role in statistical mechanics and thermodynamics.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: third law of thermodynamics Triple: [Walther Nernst, notableWork, third law of thermodynamics]
Generated description
The third law of thermodynamics is a fundamental principle stating that the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero as its temperature approaches absolute zero, forming a basis for absolute entropy measurements and low-temperature physics.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: third law of thermodynamics Target entity description: The third law of thermodynamics is a fundamental principle stating that the entropy of a perfect crystal approaches zero as its temperature approaches absolute zero, forming a basis for absolute entropy measurements and low-temperature physics.
-
A.
Sackur–Tetrode equation
The Sackur–Tetrode equation is a fundamental formula in statistical mechanics that gives the absolute entropy of an ideal monatomic gas in terms of its volume, temperature, and particle number.
-
B.
Landauer's principle
Landauer's principle is a foundational concept in thermodynamics and information theory stating that erasing one bit of information in a computational process necessarily dissipates a minimum amount of heat, linking information processing to physical entropy.
-
C.
Carathéodory’s formulation of the second law of thermodynamics
Carathéodory’s formulation of the second law of thermodynamics is a mathematically rigorous restatement of the second law based on the inaccessibility of certain thermodynamic states, providing a foundation for the concept of entropy without relying on cyclic processes or heat engines.
-
D.
Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation
Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation is a fundamental principle in thermodynamics stating that, for a body in thermal equilibrium, its emissivity equals its absorptivity at each wavelength.
-
E.
Boltzmann constant
The Boltzmann constant is a fundamental physical constant that links temperature to energy at the particle level, playing a central role in statistical mechanics and thermodynamics.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a885ffc5ec819091afa325d5f9611c |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a9098f384c81909ef836ee779466e2 |
completed | March 5, 2026, 4:41 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ad51ca2bc48190abb83f4d84782334 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 10:39 a.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ad55d41c048190a2d85dc19bc56242 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 10:56 a.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ad564aed808190a58dbf3a84780255 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 10:58 a.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:28 p.m.