Triple
T15977115
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Cauchy functional equation |
E387476
|
entity |
| Predicate | specialCaseOf |
P7025
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Jensen functional equation
The Jensen functional equation is a generalization in functional analysis that characterizes Jensen-convex functions and underlies Jensen’s inequality in convexity theory.
|
E1186523
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Jensen functional equation | Statement: [Cauchy functional equation, specialCaseOf, Jensen functional equation]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Jensen functional equation Context triple: [Cauchy functional equation, specialCaseOf, Jensen functional equation]
-
A.
Cauchy functional equation
The Cauchy functional equation is a fundamental equation in functional analysis and real analysis, typically of the form f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), whose solutions characterize additive functions and illustrate the contrast between regular (e.g., continuous) and highly pathological behaviors.
-
B.
Jensen inequality
Jensen's inequality is a fundamental result in convex analysis and probability theory that relates the value of a convex (or concave) function of an expectation to the expectation of the function, providing bounds that underlie many other inequalities and convergence results.
-
C.
Denjoy–Young–Saks theorem
The Denjoy–Young–Saks theorem is a result in real analysis that classifies the possible behaviors of the derivative of a real function at almost every point on the real line.
-
D.
Ulam stability
Ulam stability is a concept in the theory of functional equations that studies when approximate solutions imply the existence of exact solutions nearby, forming the basis of what is now called Hyers–Ulam stability.
-
E.
Du Bois-Reymond function
The Du Bois-Reymond function is a classic example of a continuous but nowhere differentiable function, illustrating pathological behavior in real analysis.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Jensen functional equation Triple: [Cauchy functional equation, specialCaseOf, Jensen functional equation]
Generated description
The Jensen functional equation is a generalization in functional analysis that characterizes Jensen-convex functions and underlies Jensen’s inequality in convexity theory.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Jensen functional equation Target entity description: The Jensen functional equation is a generalization in functional analysis that characterizes Jensen-convex functions and underlies Jensen’s inequality in convexity theory.
-
A.
Cauchy functional equation
The Cauchy functional equation is a fundamental equation in functional analysis and real analysis, typically of the form f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), whose solutions characterize additive functions and illustrate the contrast between regular (e.g., continuous) and highly pathological behaviors.
-
B.
Jensen inequality
Jensen's inequality is a fundamental result in convex analysis and probability theory that relates the value of a convex (or concave) function of an expectation to the expectation of the function, providing bounds that underlie many other inequalities and convergence results.
-
C.
Denjoy–Young–Saks theorem
The Denjoy–Young–Saks theorem is a result in real analysis that classifies the possible behaviors of the derivative of a real function at almost every point on the real line.
-
D.
Ulam stability
Ulam stability is a concept in the theory of functional equations that studies when approximate solutions imply the existence of exact solutions nearby, forming the basis of what is now called Hyers–Ulam stability.
-
E.
Du Bois-Reymond function
The Du Bois-Reymond function is a classic example of a continuous but nowhere differentiable function, illustrating pathological behavior in real analysis.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d86da94ccc819083d187f5dc6a123e |
completed | April 10, 2026, 3:25 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e157521f6c8190a54023b5ee6fc033 |
completed | April 16, 2026, 9:40 p.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ffbe8e4124819084c2937f532f5ab5 |
completed | May 9, 2026, 11:09 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69ffbf1948708190975024577e58a211 |
completed | May 9, 2026, 11:11 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69ffbf745f788190abae3ba723c3a564 |
completed | May 9, 2026, 11:12 p.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 4:54 a.m.