Triple

T15977115
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Cauchy functional equation E387476 entity
Predicate specialCaseOf P7025 FINISHED
Object Jensen functional equation
The Jensen functional equation is a generalization in functional analysis that characterizes Jensen-convex functions and underlies Jensen’s inequality in convexity theory.
E1186523 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Jensen functional equation | Statement: [Cauchy functional equation, specialCaseOf, Jensen functional equation]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Jensen functional equation
Context triple: [Cauchy functional equation, specialCaseOf, Jensen functional equation]
  • A. Cauchy functional equation
    The Cauchy functional equation is a fundamental equation in functional analysis and real analysis, typically of the form f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), whose solutions characterize additive functions and illustrate the contrast between regular (e.g., continuous) and highly pathological behaviors.
  • B. Jensen inequality
    Jensen's inequality is a fundamental result in convex analysis and probability theory that relates the value of a convex (or concave) function of an expectation to the expectation of the function, providing bounds that underlie many other inequalities and convergence results.
  • C. Denjoy–Young–Saks theorem
    The Denjoy–Young–Saks theorem is a result in real analysis that classifies the possible behaviors of the derivative of a real function at almost every point on the real line.
  • D. Ulam stability
    Ulam stability is a concept in the theory of functional equations that studies when approximate solutions imply the existence of exact solutions nearby, forming the basis of what is now called Hyers–Ulam stability.
  • E. Du Bois-Reymond function
    The Du Bois-Reymond function is a classic example of a continuous but nowhere differentiable function, illustrating pathological behavior in real analysis.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Jensen functional equation
Triple: [Cauchy functional equation, specialCaseOf, Jensen functional equation]
Generated description
The Jensen functional equation is a generalization in functional analysis that characterizes Jensen-convex functions and underlies Jensen’s inequality in convexity theory.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Jensen functional equation
Target entity description: The Jensen functional equation is a generalization in functional analysis that characterizes Jensen-convex functions and underlies Jensen’s inequality in convexity theory.
  • A. Cauchy functional equation
    The Cauchy functional equation is a fundamental equation in functional analysis and real analysis, typically of the form f(x + y) = f(x) + f(y), whose solutions characterize additive functions and illustrate the contrast between regular (e.g., continuous) and highly pathological behaviors.
  • B. Jensen inequality
    Jensen's inequality is a fundamental result in convex analysis and probability theory that relates the value of a convex (or concave) function of an expectation to the expectation of the function, providing bounds that underlie many other inequalities and convergence results.
  • C. Denjoy–Young–Saks theorem
    The Denjoy–Young–Saks theorem is a result in real analysis that classifies the possible behaviors of the derivative of a real function at almost every point on the real line.
  • D. Ulam stability
    Ulam stability is a concept in the theory of functional equations that studies when approximate solutions imply the existence of exact solutions nearby, forming the basis of what is now called Hyers–Ulam stability.
  • E. Du Bois-Reymond function
    The Du Bois-Reymond function is a classic example of a continuous but nowhere differentiable function, illustrating pathological behavior in real analysis.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d86da94ccc819083d187f5dc6a123e completed April 10, 2026, 3:25 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69e157521f6c8190a54023b5ee6fc033 completed April 16, 2026, 9:40 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ffbe8e4124819084c2937f532f5ab5 completed May 9, 2026, 11:09 p.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ffbf1948708190975024577e58a211 completed May 9, 2026, 11:11 p.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ffbf745f788190abae3ba723c3a564 completed May 9, 2026, 11:12 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 4:54 a.m.