Triple
T15742296
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | A Contribution to the Theory of Taxation |
E381629
|
entity |
| Predicate | introducedConcept |
P201
|
FINISHED |
| Object | Ramsey rule for optimal commodity taxation |
E381629
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (2 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Ramsey rule for optimal commodity taxation | Statement: [A Contribution to the Theory of Taxation, introducedConcept, Ramsey rule for optimal commodity taxation]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ramsey rule for optimal commodity taxation Context triple: [A Contribution to the Theory of Taxation, introducedConcept, Ramsey rule for optimal commodity taxation]
-
A.
The Elasticity of Taxable Income: Evidence and Implications
"The Elasticity of Taxable Income: Evidence and Implications" is a highly influential economics paper by Emmanuel Saez that analyzes how taxpayers respond to changes in marginal tax rates and draws policy conclusions for optimal tax design.
-
B.
On the Substitution of a Tax in Kind for the Surplus-Grain Appropriation System
"On the Substitution of a Tax in Kind for the Surplus-Grain Appropriation System" was a key 1921 Bolshevik policy document that introduced the New Economic Policy by replacing War Communism’s grain requisitioning with a tax in kind on peasants.
-
C.
Kaldor’s expenditure tax proposal
Kaldor’s expenditure tax proposal is an economic policy idea advocating a shift from taxing income to taxing individual consumption, aiming to promote savings and investment while simplifying the tax system.
-
D.
Hicks–Kaldor compensation criterion
The Hicks–Kaldor compensation criterion is an economic efficiency test stating that a policy change is desirable if those who gain could in principle compensate those who lose and still be better off, regardless of whether compensation actually occurs.
-
E.
1927 paper "A Contribution to the Theory of Taxation"
chosen
The 1927 paper "A Contribution to the Theory of Taxation" is Frank P. Ramsey’s foundational work in public economics that introduced the optimal taxation framework now known as Ramsey pricing.
- F. None of above.
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
Provenance (3 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69d86d9cdb648190bf3171be0bd7d872 |
completed | April 10, 2026, 3:25 a.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69e04fd97d6c8190b2fa6ca422bfe512 |
completed | April 16, 2026, 2:56 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69ff83056aa0819098b757ed125e61fe |
completed | May 9, 2026, 6:55 p.m. |
Created at: April 10, 2026, 4:46 a.m.