Triple
T1531402
| Position | Surface form | Disambiguated ID | Type / Status |
|---|---|---|---|
| Subject | Concrete Mathematics |
E32450
|
entity |
| Predicate | author |
P4
|
FINISHED |
| Object |
Ronald L. Graham
Ronald L. Graham was an influential American mathematician known for his pioneering work in combinatorics, discrete mathematics, and computational geometry, as well as for popularizing mathematics through both research and expository writing.
|
E205446
|
NE FINISHED |
How this triple was built (4 steps)
Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.
NER
Named-entity recognition
gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Ronald L. Graham | Statement: [Concrete Mathematics, author, Ronald L. Graham]
NED1
Entity disambiguation (via context triple)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ronald L. Graham Context triple: [Concrete Mathematics, author, Ronald L. Graham]
-
A.
Richard K. Guy
Richard K. Guy was a British-Canadian mathematician renowned for his work in number theory, combinatorics, and recreational mathematics, and for coauthoring influential books that popularized mathematical games and puzzles.
-
B.
Elwyn R. Berlekamp
Elwyn R. Berlekamp was an American mathematician and engineer known for his influential work in coding theory, combinatorial game theory, and algorithms.
-
C.
Gian-Carlo Rota
Gian-Carlo Rota was an influential Italian-American mathematician and philosopher best known for his foundational work in combinatorics and probability, as well as his impactful essays on the philosophy of mathematics.
-
D.
Richard Lipton
Richard Lipton is an American computer scientist known for his influential work in theoretical computer science and cryptography, including contributions to complexity theory and algorithm design.
-
E.
Murray Klamkin
Murray Klamkin was a prominent American mathematician and problem solver known for his influential work in mathematical problem posing, editing, and education.
- F. None of above. chosen
- G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg
Description generation
gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. # Instructions Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential. # Response Format Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Ronald L. Graham Triple: [Concrete Mathematics, author, Ronald L. Graham]
Generated description
Ronald L. Graham was an influential American mathematician known for his pioneering work in combinatorics, discrete mathematics, and computational geometry, as well as for popularizing mathematics through both research and expository writing.
NED2
Entity disambiguation (via description)
gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Ronald L. Graham Target entity description: Ronald L. Graham was an influential American mathematician known for his pioneering work in combinatorics, discrete mathematics, and computational geometry, as well as for popularizing mathematics through both research and expository writing.
-
A.
Richard K. Guy
Richard K. Guy was a British-Canadian mathematician renowned for his work in number theory, combinatorics, and recreational mathematics, and for coauthoring influential books that popularized mathematical games and puzzles.
-
B.
Elwyn R. Berlekamp
Elwyn R. Berlekamp was an American mathematician and engineer known for his influential work in coding theory, combinatorial game theory, and algorithms.
-
C.
Gian-Carlo Rota
Gian-Carlo Rota was an influential Italian-American mathematician and philosopher best known for his foundational work in combinatorics and probability, as well as his impactful essays on the philosophy of mathematics.
-
D.
Richard Lipton
Richard Lipton is an American computer scientist known for his influential work in theoretical computer science and cryptography, including contributions to complexity theory and algorithm design.
-
E.
Murray Klamkin
Murray Klamkin was a prominent American mathematician and problem solver known for his influential work in mathematical problem posing, editing, and education.
- F. None of above. chosen
Provenance (5 batches)
The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.
| Step | Stage | Batch ID | Status | When |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| creating | Elicitation | batch_69a885ea86308190998f6bc14bb91f8e |
completed | March 4, 2026, 7:20 p.m. |
| NER | Named-entity recognition | batch_69a90816b5e88190aa92a8558e35744b |
completed | March 5, 2026, 4:35 a.m. |
| NED1 | Entity disambiguation (via context triple) | batch_69adc98b2b0081909d10b22d59c5e653 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 7:10 p.m. |
| NEDg | Description generation | batch_69adcaed1f788190b14c3e2d2c3036d9 |
completed | March 8, 2026, 7:15 p.m. |
| NED2 | Entity disambiguation (via description) | batch_69adcbee97e88190adc1315c0a5013ab |
completed | March 8, 2026, 7:20 p.m. |
Created at: March 4, 2026, 7:26 p.m.