Triple

T14873457
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co. E349807 entity
Predicate holding P2237 FINISHED
Object The Supreme Court rejected the argument that the income tax was a taking of property without due process of law. E302257 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (2 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: The Supreme Court rejected the argument that the income tax was a taking of property without due process of law. | Statement: [Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co., holding, The Supreme Court rejected the argument that the income tax was a taking of property without due process of law.]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: The Supreme Court rejected the argument that the income tax was a taking of property without due process of law.
Context triple: [Brushaber v. Union Pacific Railroad Co., holding, The Supreme Court rejected the argument that the income tax was a taking of property without due process of law.]
  • A. Direct Tax Clause of the United States Constitution
    The Direct Tax Clause of the United States Constitution is a provision that restricts the federal government from imposing direct taxes unless they are apportioned among the states according to population.
  • B. United States taxation and revenue case law chosen
    United States taxation and revenue case law comprises judicial decisions that interpret and apply federal and state tax statutes, regulations, and constitutional provisions, shaping how taxes are assessed, collected, and disputed in the United States.
  • C. Indirect Tax Clause of the United States Constitution
    The Indirect Tax Clause of the United States Constitution authorizes Congress to levy duties, imposts, and excises that are uniform throughout the United States, forming the basis for many federal consumption and transactional taxes.
  • D. The Right of Property
    The Right of Property is a philosophical principle asserting individuals’ moral and legal entitlement to acquire, control, and dispose of possessions without unjust interference.
  • E. The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation
    "The Same Subject Continued: Concerning the General Power of Taxation" is the subtitle of Federalist No. 31, an essay by Alexander Hamilton arguing for the necessity and scope of the federal government's authority to levy taxes under the proposed U.S. Constitution.
  • F. None of above.
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.

Provenance (3 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69d822ee4f408190b6ac3b2fa434f0df completed April 9, 2026, 10:06 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69ded5e2c94c8190a16f05ea81701fc1 completed April 15, 2026, 12:03 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69fe6b5101a48190937a86b6eda79c55 completed May 8, 2026, 11:01 p.m.
Created at: April 10, 2026, 1:55 a.m.