Triple

T1478685
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Peter Kapitza E30900 entity
Predicate knownFor P22 FINISHED
Object Kapitza–Dirac effect
The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum phenomenon in which a beam of particles, such as electrons or atoms, is diffracted by a standing wave of light, demonstrating the wave-particle duality of matter.
E168971 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Kapitza–Dirac effect | Statement: [Peter Kapitza, knownFor, Kapitza–Dirac effect]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kapitza–Dirac effect
Context triple: [Peter Kapitza, knownFor, Kapitza–Dirac effect]
  • A. Szilard–Chalmers effect
    The Szilard–Chalmers effect is a nuclear chemistry phenomenon in which atoms that undergo neutron capture and become radioactive are chemically separated from their original, non-activated atoms due to recoil-induced disruption of their chemical bonds.
  • B. Poisson spot
    Poisson spot is a bright point of light that appears at the center of the shadow of a circular object due to wave diffraction, providing striking evidence for the wave nature of light.
  • C. Faraday effect
    The Faraday effect is a magneto-optical phenomenon in which the polarization plane of light is rotated as it passes through a material under the influence of a magnetic field aligned with the direction of propagation.
  • D. Unruh effect
    The Unruh effect is a predicted phenomenon in quantum field theory where an accelerating observer perceives what inertial observers consider vacuum as a warm bath of particles with a characteristic temperature.
  • E. Zeeman effect
    The Zeeman effect is the splitting of atomic or molecular spectral lines into multiple components when subjected to an external magnetic field, revealing information about energy levels and magnetic moments.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Kapitza–Dirac effect
Triple: [Peter Kapitza, knownFor, Kapitza–Dirac effect]
Generated description
The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum phenomenon in which a beam of particles, such as electrons or atoms, is diffracted by a standing wave of light, demonstrating the wave-particle duality of matter.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Kapitza–Dirac effect
Target entity description: The Kapitza–Dirac effect is a quantum phenomenon in which a beam of particles, such as electrons or atoms, is diffracted by a standing wave of light, demonstrating the wave-particle duality of matter.
  • A. Szilard–Chalmers effect
    The Szilard–Chalmers effect is a nuclear chemistry phenomenon in which atoms that undergo neutron capture and become radioactive are chemically separated from their original, non-activated atoms due to recoil-induced disruption of their chemical bonds.
  • B. Poisson spot
    Poisson spot is a bright point of light that appears at the center of the shadow of a circular object due to wave diffraction, providing striking evidence for the wave nature of light.
  • C. Faraday effect
    The Faraday effect is a magneto-optical phenomenon in which the polarization plane of light is rotated as it passes through a material under the influence of a magnetic field aligned with the direction of propagation.
  • D. Unruh effect
    The Unruh effect is a predicted phenomenon in quantum field theory where an accelerating observer perceives what inertial observers consider vacuum as a warm bath of particles with a characteristic temperature.
  • E. Zeeman effect
    The Zeeman effect is the splitting of atomic or molecular spectral lines into multiple components when subjected to an external magnetic field, revealing information about energy levels and magnetic moments.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a498fe55a88190ab7f9e40ace88e49 completed March 1, 2026, 7:52 p.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a4c6739d2481909ea8d8e075f62cf3 completed March 1, 2026, 11:06 p.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69ad15aff1288190a3e36324d975d482 completed March 8, 2026, 6:22 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69ad1639e21081908737b51e910ceae3 completed March 8, 2026, 6:24 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69ad16a98fd08190a14f4d7d6b11f5e8 completed March 8, 2026, 6:26 a.m.
Created at: March 1, 2026, 8:11 p.m.