Triple

T147633
Position Surface form Disambiguated ID Type / Status
Subject Normans E3365 entity
Predicate conquered P4700 FINISHED
Object Duchy of Apulia and Calabria
The Duchy of Apulia and Calabria was a medieval Norman-ruled state in southern Italy that played a key role in the formation of the Kingdom of Sicily.
E35706 NE FINISHED

How this triple was built (4 steps)

Every LLM step that produced this triple, in pipeline order — named-entity classification, the disambiguation choices (the exact options shown, with the pick highlighted), and the generated description. The batch + timestamp of each is in the Provenance table below.

NER Named-entity recognition gpt-5-mini
Instruction
Given a phrase, classify it is english named entity (e.g., persons, organizations, works of art) in Latin script, or not (e.g., literals, dates, URLs, verbose phrases). For disambiguation, the statement where the phrase occurs as object is also given. Please return a JSON object with `phrase` (string, the phrase being analyzed) and `is_ne` (boolean, indicating whether the phrase is a Named Entity).
Input
Phrase: Duchy of Apulia and Calabria | Statement: [Normans, conquered, Duchy of Apulia and Calabria]
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Duchy of Apulia and Calabria
Context triple: [Normans, conquered, Duchy of Apulia and Calabria]
  • A. Kingdom of Sicily
    The Kingdom of Sicily was a significant Mediterranean monarchy that encompassed southern Italy and the island of Sicily, playing a key role in European politics and trade from the Middle Ages through the early modern period.
  • B. Kingdom of Naples
    The Kingdom of Naples was a historic monarchy in southern Italy that served as a major political and cultural center in the Mediterranean, often contested by European powers.
  • C. Kingdom of Sardinia
    The Kingdom of Sardinia was a historical state in Southern Europe that originated on the island of Sardinia and later became the core of the Savoyard state that led the unification of Italy in the 19th century.
  • D. Duchy of Savoy
    The Duchy of Savoy was a historical state in Western Europe, centered in the Alpine region between France and Italy, that played a key role in European power politics before evolving into the Kingdom of Sardinia and ultimately contributing to the unification of Italy.
  • E. Emilian-Romagnol
    Emilian-Romagnol is a Romance language variety spoken primarily in Italy’s Emilia-Romagna region, known for its distinct phonology and vocabulary compared to standard Italian.
  • F. None of above. chosen
  • G. Unsure - the case is ambiguous/there is not enough information to decide.
NEDg Description generation gpt-5.1
Instruction
Generate a one-sentence description of the target entity. 
You are given a context triple in the form (subject, predicate, object), where the object is the target entity. 
# Instructions
Use the triple to infer relevant information about the entity. Describe the entity based on what is most defining, well-known. 
Avoid repeating the information from the triple, unless really essential.
# Response Format
Return only the sentence: "Description: [one-sentence description of the target entity]"
Input
Entity: Duchy of Apulia and Calabria
Triple: [Normans, conquered, Duchy of Apulia and Calabria]
Generated description
The Duchy of Apulia and Calabria was a medieval Norman-ruled state in southern Italy that played a key role in the formation of the Kingdom of Sicily.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) gpt-5-mini-2025-08-07
Target entity: Duchy of Apulia and Calabria
Target entity description: The Duchy of Apulia and Calabria was a medieval Norman-ruled state in southern Italy that played a key role in the formation of the Kingdom of Sicily.
  • A. Kingdom of Sicily
    The Kingdom of Sicily was a significant Mediterranean monarchy that encompassed southern Italy and the island of Sicily, playing a key role in European politics and trade from the Middle Ages through the early modern period.
  • B. Kingdom of Naples
    The Kingdom of Naples was a historic monarchy in southern Italy that served as a major political and cultural center in the Mediterranean, often contested by European powers.
  • C. Kingdom of Sardinia
    The Kingdom of Sardinia was a historical state in Southern Europe that originated on the island of Sardinia and later became the core of the Savoyard state that led the unification of Italy in the 19th century.
  • D. Duchy of Savoy
    The Duchy of Savoy was a historical state in Western Europe, centered in the Alpine region between France and Italy, that played a key role in European power politics before evolving into the Kingdom of Sardinia and ultimately contributing to the unification of Italy.
  • E. Emilian-Romagnol
    Emilian-Romagnol is a Romance language variety spoken primarily in Italy’s Emilia-Romagna region, known for its distinct phonology and vocabulary compared to standard Italian.
  • F. None of above. chosen

Provenance (5 batches)

The batch behind each pipeline step, in order, with when it ran. Timestamps are batch-level — stages were processed in waves, so the object chain (NER → NED1 → NEDg → NED2) reads in order, but predicate / elicitation batches can sit in a different wave.

Step Stage Batch ID Status When
creating Elicitation batch_69a252868de4819080e21c9938bfe8b6 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 2:27 a.m.
NER Named-entity recognition batch_69a25bab43608190ba5ebfbee6b5b6e4 completed Feb. 28, 2026, 3:06 a.m.
NED1 Entity disambiguation (via context triple) batch_69a3914a01d8819083604dfc0844c0e1 completed March 1, 2026, 1:07 a.m.
NEDg Description generation batch_69a391df08488190812d43def7637359 completed March 1, 2026, 1:09 a.m.
NED2 Entity disambiguation (via description) batch_69a3923c33a48190ac8b425a2f717e59 completed March 1, 2026, 1:11 a.m.
Created at: Feb. 28, 2026, 2:31 a.m.